时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   近几年的英语写作基础试卷在考查内容和试题类型上改动不大,保持了命题的连贯性。考查内容包括三大部分:句子的组成、段落的写作、应用文写作。题型有重写句子、改写病句、识别主题句、重新组合段落、识别与段落内容无关的句子、写信六种。本文将按题型顺序对二OOO年试题的考核知识点与解题思路进行分析和探讨,同时,也将对考生答题中的典型错误作一剖析,希望能有益于准备参加今年考试的同学。


  第一大题 重写句子(本大题共10小题,每小题1.5分,共15分)
  Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement.
  一,考核知识点:考查loose sentence 与periodic 1 sentence之间的转换。
  ●试题:
  2. I felt like taking a walk after watching the sunset. (periodic sentence)
  3. While they were waiting in line for the concert tickets, the rain stopped. (loose sentence)
  ●答案:
  2. After watching the sunset, I felt like taking a walk.
  3. The rain stopped while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 明确两种句型的特点:就语义结构而论,periodic sentence(掉尾句)中主要信息在后,次要信息在前,使句子的重心置于句尾,旨在造成悬念,引人入胜;而loose sentence(松散句)则正相反,将句义重心放在句首,使主要信息一目了然。就语法结构而言,periodic sentence(掉尾句)将句子成分中的修饰部分放在主要成分(一般为主谓结构)之前;而loose sentence(松散句)则反之。
  (2) 第二题原句主要信息为 I felt like taking a walk,放在次要信息After watching the sunset之前,原句是loose sentence(松散句),变换句型只要将主次信息换位即可。第三题原句的主要信息为the rain stopped,次要信息为while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets,原句是periodic sentence(掉尾句),变换成loose sentence(松散句),需主次信息换位。
  二,考核知识点:考查将两个独立短句合并成一个simple sentence的能力。
  ●试题:
  5. The letter is from my foreign friend. The letter arrived today. (simple sentence)
  9. My roommate was waiting for me at the door. He had a book in his hand. (simple sentence)
  ●答案:
  5. The letter from my foreign friend arrived today.
  9. My roommate with a book in his hand was waiting for me at the door.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 明确simple sentence(简单句)的构成:simple sentence(简单句)包含一个主语+谓语动词(S+V)的结构。
  (2) 将两个短句的共同主语作为合并后的simple sentence(简单句)的主语,并将其中包含主要信息的短句的谓语动词确立为simple sentence(简单句)的谓语动词,另一短句转化为修饰成分。
  (3) 第5题原句中第一个短句为次要信息,介词短语from my foreign friend可作为修饰成分。第9题原句中,第一个短句包含主要信息,其谓语动词was waiting可作为合并后的simple sentence(简单句)的谓语动词,第二个短句He had a book in his hand,可转化为with引导的介词短语结构,作修饰成分。
  ●考生典型答题错误分析
  (错误)The letter which arrived today is from my foreign friend.
  (分析)错误有二:一、未将原句中包含主要信息的短句的谓语动词arrived作为合并后的simple sentence(简单句)的谓语动词;二、含有定语从句的句子不是simple sentence(简单句),而是complex sentence(复合句)。
  (错误)The letter arrived today is from my foreign friend.
  (分析)这是一个病句,句中出现两个没有合适方式连接的谓语动词,根本不符合语法规则。
  (错误)My roommate, who had a book in his hand, was waiting for me at the door.
  (分析)此句中who had a book in his hand是定语从句,而simple sentence(简单句)中不能含有从句。
  三,考核知识点:考查独立短句与compound 2 sentence之间的转换
  ●试题:
  1. Jerry is a good student. He studies hard and grasps concepts 3 well. (compound sentence)
  6. We could take a taxi. We could walk to the restaurant. (compound sentence)
  10. I needed butter to make the cookie better. I couldn’t find any. I used vegetable oil instead. (compound sentence)
  ●答案:
  1. Jerry is a good student, for he studies hard and grasps concepts well.
  6. We could take a taxi or we could walk to the restaurant.
  10. I needed butter to make the cookie better, but I couldn’t find any, so I used vegetable oil instead.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 明确compound sentence(并列句)的特点:compound sentence(并列句)是由并列连词或特定的标点符号将意义相关、结构完整的两个或两个以上的simple sentence(简单句)连接起来构成的。
  (2) 理顺独立短句间逻辑关系:是承递、转折、选择、还是因果?确定好后在并列连接词and, nor, but, yet, or, for, so之中选一个出来连接各分句。
  (3) 第1题中,两分句间的关系为前因后果,所以选择for引出解释原因的分句。第6题中,两分句为选择关系,可用or连接。第10题较为复杂,前两个分句是转折关系,可用but或yet连接;它们又与第三个分句形成前因后果的关系,所以选择so引出结果。
  ●考生典型答题错误分析
  (错误)Jerry is a good student for he studies hard and grasps concepts well.
  (分析)用for引导表示原因的分句时,它前面一定要用comma(逗号)。
  (错误)For Jerry is a good student, he studies hard and grasps concepts well.
  (分析)除了因果关系不妥外,for的位置也不正确。用for连接两个简单句时,前句表示结果或结论,后句说明产生前述结果的原因,所以for只能出现在后句中。
  (错误)We could take a taxi or walk to the restaurant.
  (分析)此句仍是一个simple sentence(简单句)而不是compound sentence(并列句),compound sentence(并列句)必须包含两个或两个以上的simple sentence(简单句)
  四,考核知识点:考查compound sentence与complex sentence之间的转换
  ●试题:
  4. The tape recorder was not working right, so I returned it to the store. (complex sentence)
  ●答案:
  4. Because the tape recorder was not working right, I returned it to the store.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 了解complex sentence(复合句)的构成:complex sentence(复合句)包含一个主句及一个或多个从句。从句分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
  (2) 第4题原句是compound sentence(并列句),两个分句为因果关系,要把compound sentence(并列句)重写成complex sentence(复合句)时,只需将第一个分句改为由从属连接词because引导的原因状语从句即可。
  ●考生典型答题错误分析
  (错误)I returned the tape recorder to the store, for it was not working right.
  (分析)for虽然也可引导表示原因的分句,但它是并列连接词,用在compound sentence(并列句)中,这点与because、as、since等引导原因状语从句的从属连接词不同。
  五,考核知识点:考查对compound-complex sentence的掌握和运用。
  ●试题:
  7. If you want me to clean your windows, please give me a week’s notice. I am very busy this month. (compound-complex sentence)
  ●答案:
  7. If you want me to clean your windows, please give me a week’s notice, for I am very busy this month.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 了解compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)的构成:顾名思义,compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)是由复合句并列而形成的。具体地说,compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)可以是一个简单句与一个主从复合句用并列连接词连接起来的,也可以是两个主从复合句的并列。
  (2) 第7题原句中的第一个句子是含有条件状语从句的主从复合句,第一句与第二句是前因后果的关系,将两句话用并列连接词for连接起来,即可合并为一个compound - complex sentence(并列复合句)。
  ●考生典型答题错误分析
  (错误)Please give me a week’s notice if you want me to clean your windows, because I am very busy this month.
  (分析)此句仍是complex sentence(复合句),因为because为从属连接词。在表示原因的连接词中,只有for是并列连接词,用于连接两个具有并列关系的分句。阅卷中发现,相当多的考生没有掌握好连接词for的用法。
  六,考核知识点:考查对parallel 4 structure概念的掌握和运用
  ●试题:
  8. Minnie bought a ticket to the play. She went out for dinner. She arrived at the theater by 8:00. (parallel structure)
  ●答案:
  8. Minnie bought a ticket to the play, went out for dinner, and arrived at the theater by 8:00.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 明确parallel structure(平行结构)的特点:parallel structure(平行结构)是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表示出来。平行的结构可以是单词、词组、从句,也可以是句子。
  (2) 第8题原有的三个短句中,主语均为Minnie,谓语动词bought、went out、及arrived是意思并列的成分,可以成为平行结构。
  ●考生典型答题错误分析
  (错误)Minnie bought a ticket to the play, arrived at the theater by 8:00,and went out for dinner.
  (分析)Minnie买票、外出吃饭、到达剧院是按照时间顺序先后发生的,次序不能随意更改。
  (错误)Minnie bought a ticket to the play, went out for dinner, then arrived at the theater by 8:00.
  (分析)then不是并列连接词,不能取代and。
  上一讲,我们对第一种题型"重写句子"的考核知识点与解题思路进行了分析和探讨,并对考生答题中的典型错误作了剖析。本讲我们将研究第二种题型"改写病句",病句中的一些语病在中国学生的英文写作中十分常见,值得认真推敲。

adj.周期的,定期的,时而发生的
  • Long long ago,we knew the periodic motion of a planet.很久以前,我们就知道行星的周期运动。
  • These arrangements are subject to periodic reviews.这几项安排每隔一定时间须予复查。
n.化合物;大院;adj.化合的;vt.加重;使化合
  • Air is a mixture,not a compound of gases.空气是气体的混合物,不是化合物。
  • How many households in the compound?院内有几家住户?
n.概念( concept的名词复数 );观念;想法;总的印象
  • He speaks in concepts rather than specifics. 他讲话时尽用抽象概念,而不谈具体。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The word "beauty" comprehends various concepts. “美”这个词包括许多概念。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
n.相似处;平行线;纬线;adj.平行的;类似的
  • This is the parallel points in the characters of different men.这就是不同人物间个性上的类似之处。
  • The growth of the two towns was almost parallel.这两个城镇的发展几乎相同。
标签: 写作 基础 思路
学英语单词
achmores
acpuired
additional expenses-strikes
agonothetes
ajmalin
amperometric method
andriatry
anesthesia paralysis
antall
application in the planting hole
ardilas
Attert
Balladonia
be on relief
belandre
bluff bit
change password
chase ports
chemically precipitate metal powder
Claudius cells
cocks of the walk
code bases
combine dimensions
continuous casting steel machine
Dealer's Deposits Fund
delete lines command
dermatofibroma
dinitro-fluoroaniline
don bacteria
Dowell
dunker
Eurya metcalfiana
family naticidaes
fatti
feudal-absolutist state
field-weakening region
flow lines
forest assistant
gas and steam combined cycle
go snacks
Google Docs
Haripād
hasten to sb's assistance
hearth number
hull girder vibration
HVDC coupling station
incomparabilities
interrupt analysis
isopathic immunization
Kanasing
kayal
Kyōto-shi
liberty spike
lift scheme
light pole
lightninglike
lunkhead
macoradical
market-maker, marketmaker
morali
Mughayrā'
mutineer
mycosphaerella imperatae
nelan
nil ductility transition
niobian
noncentrosymmetric structure
nonpresence
o?litic limestion
off-colo(u)r product
overall approximation
partial deck
patheticly
pectography
phago-
pico-katals
Placido's disk
polarchy
polyundecylamide fibre
possessioning
projective operator
puzzle ... head
reprivatise
resonance structures
saprobic animal
scalariform marking
simple oxygen system
skin pathology
stator ring
stereocartograf
stick at itiveness
surrenderee
sways
the coming of
trampoosing
type of decay
underground facility arrangement
upward dislocation
vasomotor rhinitis
warty tuberculosis
western
yiz