2016年12月英语六级语法：情态动词
时间：2019-01-17 作者：英语课 分类：大学四六级阅读
英语课
对于六级考试来说，除了基本的词汇量之外，基础的语法也是不可或缺的哦！那么，我们一起来学习吧！
1、情态动词的完成式
1)must have done——表示对过去的事情较有把握的、肯定性的推测，常译为“一定，准是，肯定”，其否定形式是can’t/couldn’thave done，意为“决不可能，不太可能”。
e.g. Since the ditch 1 is full of water, it must have rained last night.
2)should/ought to have done——表示过去应该做的却没有做，常含有后悔、责备、埋怨的口吻，意为“本应该”，“应该就好了”;
e.g. With all the work finished, I should have gone to your birthday party last night.
3)shouldn’t/ought not to have done——表示过去不该做的事却给做了，也常含有责备、不满之意，意为“本不该”。
e.g. You shouldn’t have gone back to work yesterday without the doctor’s permission.
4)may/might have done——表示对过去的事情的推测，但不十分有把握，意为“可能，或许已经” e.g. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver may have been hurt.
5)could have done——表示过去有可能或有能力做某事，而实际未做、未能实现的事;有时也表示轻度批评，意为“本来可以，完全可以”。
e.g. The gas leakage 2 could have been avoided if the gas company took immediate 3 measures after the warning call.
6)needn’t have done——表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“其实没有必要”。
e.g. I needn’t have bought all that wine——only three people came.
2、可作情态动词用的短语
would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, cannot but, may/might as well
[例1]You all those calculations 4! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A. needn’t have done B. must not have done
C. shouldn’t have done D. can’t have done
[例2]I to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.
A. ought to have written B. must have written
C. couldn’t have written D. needn’t have written
[例3]You those letters. Why didn’t you
A. should post B. must have posted
C. should have posted D. ought to post
n.沟，沟渠，渠道
- With the blind leading the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.如果瞎子替瞎子带路的话，那么两方肯定会掉到沟里。
- The water in the ditch is not very clean.沟里的水不很清洁。
n.漏，泄漏；泄漏物；漏出量
- Large areas of land have been contaminated by the leakage from the nuclear reactor.大片地区都被核反应堆的泄漏物污染了。
- The continuing leakage is the result of the long crack in the pipe.这根管子上的那一条裂缝致使渗漏不断。
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
- His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
- We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
n.计算( calculation的名词复数 )；盘算；自私的打算；推断
- We can exclude the possibility of total loss from our calculations. 我们可以在预测中把彻底失败的可能性排除在外。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He scored out both calculations and did them again. 他把两个计算结果都划掉，又把它们计算了一遍。 来自《简明英汉词典》
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情态动词