2016年12月英语六级语法:定语从句
时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读
英语课
对于六级考试来说,除了基本的词汇量之外,基础的语法也是不可或缺的哦!那么,我们一起来学习吧!
定语从句
一、概念
定语从句的概念,在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
例如: 1) The man who lives next to us is a fool 1.
2) You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.
上面两句中的the man和the house是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
二、关系词(连接词)
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词:that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose) 和关系副词where, when, why。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时还做定语从句的一个成分。
2.关于that, which的用法注意点
1)只能用that,不用which作为定语从句关系代词的情况
a)不定代词,如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few 2, any, little等作先行词
There is nothing that I can do.
I mean the one that was 3 bought yesterday.
b)先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last修饰
This is the very book that I want to find.
The last place that I visited was the hospital.
c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时
This is the first composition 4 that he has written in English.
d)先行词既有人,又有物时
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had 5 visited.
2)不用that, 只用which的情况
a)引导非限定性定语从句时which
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous 6 here.
b)介词后用which
We depend 7 on the land 8 from which we get our food.
3.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)先行词是表示地点名词时(country, school, room…),而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语,一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词+which的结构。值得注意的是which前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。
Beijing is the place in which (=where) I was born 9.
He wants to find the place in which (=where) he lived forty years ago.
2)先行词是表示时间名词时(year, month, day, night…),而关系词代替先行词在定语
从句中充当时间状语,一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词+which的结构。值得注意的是when前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。
His father died 10 that year in which (=when) he was born.
I cannot forget the first day on which (=when) my family moved into the city.
3)先行词是the reason 11,而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当原因状语,一般用why引导定语从句。也可以用for + which的结构。
Is this the reason for which (why) he refused our offer 12?
但是这里要指出的是,如果介词和Which搭配在一起并不表示以上三种意思,则我们只能保留介词+Which的形式。如 I know English in which I wrote 13 the love letter.
4.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要
求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
n.愚人,受骗者,奶油拌水果;vt.愚弄,欺骗,浪费;vi.干傻事,开玩笑
- He spent all his money,he is such a fool.他这样傻,花光了所有的钱。
- Some people act the fool now and then.有些人时常装傻。
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
- There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
- I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
n.构成,成分;作文,作曲;(音乐等)作品
- He played a piece of music of his own composition.他演奏了一首自己创作的曲子。
- His composition has improved.他的作文有进步。
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
- I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
- The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
adj.著名的,驰名的,闻名遐迩的;极好的;擅长的
- The hotel is famous for its suppers.那个酒店以晚餐而著称。
- He is famous for his learning.他以有学问而出名。
vi.依靠,相信,指望
- All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物靠太阳生长。
- You may depend on it that he will help you.你可以指望他来帮助你。
n.陆地,国土,土地;v.登陆,登岸,卸货
- Farmers work on the land.农民在土地上干活。
- How long is it before we land?我们还有多长时间降落?
v.动词bear的过去分词;adj.出生的,与生俱来的
- The baby can cry as soon as he is born.婴儿生下来就会哭。
- I feel as if I had been born again.我有一种再生之感。
vbl.死亡,消逝v.死亡,枯萎( die的过去式和过去分词 );死时处于(某种状态)或具有(某种身份)adj.死亡的,消逝的
- He was banished to Australia, where he died five years later. 他被流放到澳大利亚,五年后在那里去世。
- He was utterly bereft when his wife died. 他的妻子去世时,他十分凄凉。
n.原因,理由,理智,道理;v.劝说,推理
- That is the reason why we must go now.那就是我们现在必须走的理由。
- The reason for the flood was that heavy rain.水灾是那场大雨造成的。
n.出价,提议;vt.提供,出价;贡献,奉献;vi.提议;出现;求婚
- She chose to accept his offer.她决定接受他的提议。
- It was friendly of him to offer his help.他提供帮助真是太好了。
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定语从句