时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   虚拟语气用法详解


  一、 条件句中的虚拟语气
  1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式
  从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
  时间:将来
  从句谓语形式: 动词过去式(be用were) should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形
  主句谓语形式:would / should / might / could + 动词原形
  时间:现在
  从句谓语形式:动词过去式(be 用 were)
  主句谓语形式:would / should / might / could + 动词原形
  时间:过去
  从句谓语形式:had +动词过去分词
  主句谓语形式:would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词
  2. 中的虚拟语气的举例
  (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:
  If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了。
  If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话,他会通知我们一声。
  (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:
  If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话,它会帮助我们的。
  If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很熟悉。
  (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:
  If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影,我会把电影内容告诉你了。
  If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿,我就会会到了李先生。
  3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题
  (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词若是系动词be时,可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中,只能用were。如:
  Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话,我会去国外学习。
  If I were you, I would try my best to grasp 1 the chance. 要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次机会。
  (2) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待。
  ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如:
  If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会使工程师了
  If they had informed 2 us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。
  ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:
  If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了(from www.yygrammar.com)。
  If he knew her, he would have greeted 3 her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。
  ③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如:
  If it had not been raining too much, the crops 4 would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄家会长得更好。
  If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话,他现在已进了办公室了
  (3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可省略,而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如:
  Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。
  Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。
  Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired 5 him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了(from www.yygrammar.com)。
  (4) 有时,句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件,而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如:
  I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了,然而我太忙了。
  But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。
  Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
  (5) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
  ①省略从句
  He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
  You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。
  ②省略主句
  If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
  If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。

n.把握,抓紧,抓,柄,控制,理解;vt.抓住,紧握,领会;vi.抓
  • Don't want to grasp my hand!不要抓我的手啊!
  • I can't grasp this maths question.我不理解这道数学题。
a.了解情况的;有见识的
  • It is regrettable that the police were not informed sooner. 遗憾的是没有早些报警。
  • He looked blank when he was informed of his dismissal. 当被告知自己被解雇时,他显得茫然。
v.欢迎( greet的过去式和过去分词 );迎接;致意;(以某种方式)对…作出反应
  • Her speech was greeted with howls of derision. 她的演讲受到阵阵嘲笑。
  • He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived. 客人到达时他都热情接待。
pl.农作物
  • Farmers are being encouraged to diversify into new crops. 目前正鼓励农民兼种新的农作物。
  • The crops will not grow on exposed hillsides. 在裸露的山坡上庄稼没法生长。
v.聘用( hire的过去式和过去分词 );录用;雇用;租用
  • They hired a boat and went for a row down the river. 他们租了条小船,划向河的下游。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • These girls never hired out to do servants' work. 这些姑娘从不受雇去做佣人的工作。 来自《简明英汉词典》
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