VOA常速英语2015--用数据来对付埃博拉疫情
时间：2019-01-14 作者：英语课 分类：VOA标准英语2015年(三月)
用数据来对付埃博拉疫情
The World Health Organization recently called for 900 more epidemiologists to join the battle against Ebola in West Africa. That’s triple the current number. Epidemiologists study the patterns of disease outbreaks to determine how they spread and where they may go next.
世卫组织最近呼吁900多名流行病专家加入到西非抗击埃博拉的战斗中来，这个人数是目前的三倍。流行病专家研究疾病暴发的模式，从而判断疾病是如何传播，以及下一步可能会传播到哪里。
Upon hearing the WHO announcement regarding epidemiologists, Dr. Rossi Hassad said it’s about time. Hassad is an epidemiologist himself and a professor at Mercy College in New York.
在听到世卫组织关于流行病专家的声明后，罗西·哈萨德博士说这是个时间问题。哈萨德本人是流行病专家，也是纽约玛希学院的一名教授。
“An epidemiologist is a health care professional, who is concerned with the distribution and determinants of diseases in a community. They operate at the population level, rather than the individual or clinical level. They are investigators 1 or what we called detectives of medicine. And they focus largely on intelligence – data about morbidity 2, mortality – meaning illness, death and symptoms,” he said.
“流行病专家是医疗方面的专家，主要关注一个社区里疾病的传播和决定因子。他们是以人群为研究对象，而不是从个人或临床层面来研究的。他们是调查人员，也就是我们所说的医疗侦探。他们主要关注情报信息，有关发病率的数据，发病率意味着疾病、死亡和病症。”
The information they gather is used to create a geographical 3 map and timeline of the outbreak. Epidemiologists, though, do not treat patients.
他们收集的数据用来制作地图和疾病暴发的时间线，但是流行病专家并不给患者提供治疗。
“So an epidemiologist will be analyzing 4 data. Would be presenting data. Will be using various algorithms to help to explain and predict where symptoms are occurring and what we might see next. So it’s largely analytical 5 work that an epidemiologist does,” he said.
“所以流行病专家将会分析数据和提供数据，使用各种计算方法来帮助解释和预测病症将在哪里出现，下一步会怎样。所以流行病专家做的主要是分析工作。”
An algorithm is used in math and computer science. It’s described as a step-by-step procedure for calculations.
算法被用在数学和电脑科学中，被称作是一步步计算的过程。
Hassad said epidemiologists are a necessity in the fight against Ebola. He said there’s a saying regarding infectious diseases: “A case anywhere is a risk everywhere.”
哈萨德说流行病专家在抗击埃博拉中是必须的，他说有个关于传染病的说法是，“任何风险无处不在”。
“With Ebola a single case can reignite an epidemic 6. And you need every contact from every case. And it’s good, old fashion epidemiology that helps us to find those contacts and properly assess them,” he said.
“就埃博拉来说，一个病例就能引发流行病，你需要对每个病例所接触的人都要了解，这很好，过去的流行病学帮助我们发现这些接触对象并适当地进行评估。”
He said epidemiologists pay “strict attention to psychosocial and sociocultural factors and dynamics 7.” One of the most important things they will do, he said, is set up a comprehensive surveillance system.
他说流行病专家非常关注心理和社会文化因素及动态分析，他说他们所做的最重要的事情之一，就是建立综合的监控系统。
“We have had a huge focus on the clinical component 8 of this epidemic. And what that does is it doesn’t interrupt the chain of transmission. So you have a steady flow of cases with a huge focus on treatment,” he said.
“我们非常关注这次流行病的临床部分，不会打断传播链，所以我们会重点关注不断出现的病例的治疗情况。”
Besides being critical of the initial slow response to the outbreak, Hassad said there has been a lack of collaboration 9 between the clinical and public health arms of medicine.
哈萨德说，这次疫情爆发中除了最初应对缓慢外，临床和公共医疗部门之间也缺少协作。
“At times the information and narrative 10 that we have heard and seen suggested one of competition – protection of turf -- rather than collaboration and cooperation. And I hope that for 2015 and beyond we could improve on that.”
“从我们经常得到的信息和叙述中可以得知其中存在竞争，也就是保护地盘，而不是协作和合作，我希望2015年后这一情况能得到改善。”
Similar complaints of a lack of cooperation and openness were heard during the earlier years of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
在早期艾滋病毒和艾滋病肆虐时，我们也听说过缺少合作和开放度的抱怨。
Dr. Hassad praised the current fast-tracking of Ebola research.
哈萨德赞扬了目前埃博拉研究上的快速跟进。
“Ebola has been with us for 40 years and, as we all know, the lack of action or the inaction over the years was largely because of a lack of financial or economic incentive 11 to move along pharmaceutical 12 research and production. Now, I think the huge threat that this epidemic poses will motivate governments to support. I think we will see that,” he said.
“埃博拉已经出现40年了，就我们所知道的来讲，这么多年来缺少行动或行动不力，在很大程度上是因为缺少进行医药研究和生产的财政或经济刺激。现在，我想这次疫情带来的巨大威胁将激励政府提供支持，我想我们会看到这一点的。”
However, he’s not sure that an effective vaccine 13 will be ready in time to have a major effect on the epidemic. The outbreak, however, could result in better overall healthcare for Africans.
不过，他不确定是否将出现能极大遏制这场疫情的有效疫苗，然而，这次疫情能使非洲人得到更好的整体医疗条件。
“I do believe that the magnitude of the current epidemic will be a huge motivating factor to get projects moving along to improve the healthcare infrastructure 14 of West Africa. Sustaining it will be another concern,” he said.
“我确实认为目前这场疫情的严重性将成为巨大的激励因素，促使各种改善西非医疗基础设施的项目开展下去，维持这样的努力将是另一个问题。”
Dr. Hassad warned the lack of emphasis given to epidemiology in the Ebola outbreak until now could mean it will continue through most of the year.
哈萨德警告说，到目前为止，埃博拉爆发中对流行病学重视不够的现状意味着，在今年的大部分时间里，这场疫情还将继续存在下去。
- This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。
- The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- MC's also significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality induced by honeybee venom. 肥大细胞同样也能显著降低蜜蜂毒液诱发疾病的发病率和死亡率。 来自互联网
- The result shows that incidence of myopia morbidity is 44.84%. 结果表明：近视眼的发病率为44.84%。 来自互联网
- The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
- These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。
- Analyzing the date of some socialist countries presents even greater problem s. 分析某些社会主义国家的统计数据，暴露出的问题甚至更大。 来自辞典例句
- He undoubtedly was not far off the mark in analyzing its predictions. 当然，他对其预测所作的分析倒也八九不离十。 来自辞典例句
- I have an analytical approach to every survey.对每项调查我都采用分析方法。
- As a result,analytical data obtained by analysts were often in disagreement.结果各个分析家所得的分析数据常常不一致。
- That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
- The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。
- In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
- Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
- Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
- Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
- The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
- He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。
- He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
- Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。
- Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
- He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。
- She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
- We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。
- The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
- She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
- We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
- We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。