VOA常速英语2015--用国际协议限制非法捕捞活动

用国际协议限制非法捕捞活动

It’s estimated that illicit 1 fishing accounts for up 26 million tons of seafood 2 a year and costs the global economy as much as 26 billion dollars annually 3. An international agreement to help curb 4 the problem is gaining support, but still needs more backers before it can take effect.

估计非法捕鱼每年捕捞的海产品量有2600万吨，在全球经济中占260亿美元。一个力图解决该问题的国际协议已经获得支持，但在产生实效之前还需要更多支持者。

Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing – or IUU – not only causes economic damage, but is a threat to food security and biodiversity.

非法、非法、不报告和无管制捕捞活动(IUU)不仅有害经济，还是粮食安全和生物多样化的一大威胁。

The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization says IUU encompasses 5 fishing without authorization 6, harvesting protected species, using outlawed 7 fishing gear and violating quota 8 limits. It accounts for over 15 percent of the global seafood take.

联合国粮农组织称IUU包括不经授权的捕鱼，捕捉被保护物种，以及使用非法捕鱼工具并违反配额限制，占全球海产品量的15%以上。

Dr. Matthew Camilleri, of the FAO’s Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy and Economics Division in Rome, said the problem ranges from big fishing vessels 10 on the high seas to small-scale coastal 11 operations.

马修·卡米列里博士就职于粮农组织在罗马的渔业、水产养殖政策和经济部门，他说该问题不仅涉及公海中的大型不渔船，也涉及沿海的小规模捕捞。

“Illegal fishing could be that vessels are fishing in areas where fishing is prohibited because there are fragile ecosystems 12, which can be affected 13 by fishing activities – or fishing is taking place using fishing gear which is prohibited or the dimensions of the gear are not in line with the regulations that have been set. So, hook sizes may be too small or mesh 14 sizes may be too small, for example.”

“非法捕捞包括在因生态系统脆弱而禁止捕鱼的地区进行捕捞的船只，这些地区脆弱的生态系统可能会受到捕鱼活动的影响，也包括使用被禁捕鱼工具、或是其规格不符合规定的工具进行捕捞，比如，所使用的钩号或筛孔尺寸太小。”

He said unreported and under-reported fishing are also widespread.

他说，不报告和未充分报告的捕捞现象也很普遍。

“Fishing vessels just fail to report on their catches through log books, for example or through electronic systems that are in place. Or they are not reporting on their actual location. So, there are many kinds of infringements 15 that could be associated with illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.”

“比如，捕鱼船未能在航海日志或电子系统中中记录其捕鱼量，或者没有报告其确切的地点。所以会出现很多可能与非法、未报告和无管制捕捞有关的违法活动。”

Camilleri said the illicit practices endanger fish stocks.

卡米列里说，非法捕捞活动危害了鱼类资源。

“When we say endangered, not in the sense of endangered as being on the verge 16 of extinction 17, but endangered in the sense that there are stocks which could be over fished. This means that there’s going to be fewer and fewer fish available to be caught by the good fishers and, therefore, less availability for future generations,” he said.

“当我们说到危害时，并不是说即将处于濒危边缘，而是说鱼群资源可能会被过渡捕捞，这就意味着可以被守规渔民捕捞的鱼类越来越少，因此未来一代可以获得的鱼类也越来越少。”

Whether fish are caught legally or illegally, they have to be brought to some port to be unloaded and sold. And a port is a good place for inspection 18 to take place.

无论鱼类是被合法还是非法捕捞的，都必须被带到港口卸货并销售，而港口是进行检查的好地方。

In 2009, FAO member countries adopted the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter 19 and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing.

2009年，粮农组织国家通过了《关于港口国家防止，抑制和消除非法、未报告和无管制捕捞措施的条约》。

Camilleri said, “The agreement lays down a minimum set of procedures that every port state must follow when accepting foreign fishing vessels coming into their port. There’s a checklist that every state must follow when a foreign fishing vessel 9 requests entry into port, first and foremost. It is like when an individual is traveling to another country. In some cases you request a visa.”

卡米列里说，“该协议规定了每个港口国家在接受进口其港口的外国渔船时必须遵守的最低限度的程序，并列出了在外国渔船请求进入港口时每个港口国家都必须首先遵守的清单，就像是个人进入另一个国家时，在一些情况下需要签证。”

The agreement outlines what types of inspections 20 would be conducted to ensure the catch is legal.

该协议还列出为确保合法捕捞而进行的检查的类型。

“The agreement goes further in saying that every port state, that is, every country that is accepting foreign vessels into their countries must designate their ports. They must specify 21 in which ports foreign vessels are allowed in. And in those ports there should be the procedures – at least the minimum procedures – defined by the agreement, which need to be implemented,” said Camilleri.

“该协议还规定，在每个港口国家，也就是每个接受外国渔船进入本国的国家，都必须给渔船指定港口，必须详细规定外国渔船所能进入的港口。在这些港口履行一些程序，至少要实施协议规定的最低限度的程序。”

Efforts outside of ports can include satellite monitoring of fishing vessel movements, as well as sea patrols in fishing zones.

港口之外的措施还包括对渔船活动进行卫星监控，以及在捕鱼区进行海上巡逻。

To take effect, the agreement needs to be approved by 25 countries. Twelve already have done so, including the European Union, which actually counts as a single country. Two more are expected to join soon. In the United States, the process to join the agreement is reported moving forward.

该协议要付诸实施来需要得到25个国家的批准，目前已有包括欧盟在内的12个国家批准该协议，欧盟一般上被看做单一国家。还有两外两个国家可能很快加入，据悉在美国，加入该协议的程序仍在推进。