美国科学60秒 SSS 2013-01-10
时间：2018-12-02 作者：英语课 分类：Scientific American(一)月
英语课
This is Scientific Americans 60 second Science, I am Gretchen
Kuda Kroen, this will just take a minute.
When normal populations of healthy bacteria in the gut 1 get out of whack 2, the result can be the stubborn and recurrent bacterial 3 infection known as Clostridium difficile – C-dif. The main symptom is nearly constant and debilitating 4 diarrhea.
One of the most successful therapies for C-dif is to repopulate the intestines 5 with healthy bacteria that keep that nasty C-dif in check. There’s been only one way to do this: import a small sample of a healthy person’s feces. That’s right. A poop-transplant.
But the “ick” factor of fecal transplants is a hurdle 6 for some, as well as a regulatory conundrum 7 for the FDA. Which is why researchers at the University of Guelph in Canada came up with a synthetic 8 alternative: a laboratory-made slurry of healthy bacteria they’re calling “rePOOPulate.” The research is published in the journal Microbiome.
It’s intended to replace human fecal matter in stool transplants, and researchers say it has several advantages. The bacteria are carefully controlled and can be tailored to the patient. It reduces the risk of transmitting disease. And, well, it’s just less gross.
Thanks for the minute for Scientific Americans 60 second science, I am Gretchen Kuda Kroen
Out of Whack: 紊乱，不正常 Whack: 打击
Stubborn: 顽强的
recurrent: 复发的
Debilitating: 虚弱的
Diarrhea: 痢疾
fece: 粪便
ick factor 令人作呕
slurry: 悬浮物
Stool = fece = poop transplant 粪便移植
tailor: 裁缝，订制
1 gut
n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏
- It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
- My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
2 whack
v.敲击，重打，瓜分；n.重击，重打，尝试，一份
- After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食，卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
- He gave me a whack on the back to wake me up.他为把我弄醒，在我背上猛拍一下。
3 bacterial
a.细菌的
- Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
- Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
4 debilitating
a.使衰弱的
- The debilitating disease made him too weak to work. 这个令他衰弱的病，使他弱到没有办法工作。
- You may soon leave one debilitating condition or relationship forever. 你即将永远地和这段霉运说拜拜了。
5 intestines
n.肠( intestine的名词复数 )
- Perhaps the most serious problems occur in the stomach and intestines. 最严重的问题或许出现在胃和肠里。 来自辞典例句
- The traps of carnivorous plants function a little like the stomachs and small intestines of animals. 食肉植物的捕蝇器起着动物的胃和小肠的作用。 来自辞典例句
6 hurdle
n.跳栏，栏架；障碍，困难；vi.进行跨栏赛
- The weather will be the biggest hurdle so I have to be ready.天气将会是最大的障碍，所以我必须要作好准备。
- She clocked 11.6 seconds for the 80 metre hurdle.八十米跳栏赛跑她跑了十一秒六。