VOA慢速英语2014 埃及仍在为和平而战

AS IT IS 2014-01-01 In Egypt, the Struggle for Peace Continues 埃及仍在为和平而战

Hello, and welcome to As It Is from VOA Learning English. I’m Mario Ritter in Washington.

Today on the program, we report on Nigeria’s continuing struggle to end the attacks from the militant 1 group Boko Haram.

在今天的节目里，我们报道尼日利亚与武装组织博科圣地的斗争。

“I hereby declare a State of Emergency in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states.”

“我特此宣布，博尔诺州、约贝州和阿达马瓦州进入紧急状态。”

But first, we take you to Egypt, a country working to create stability after almost three years of protests and violence.

不过首先，我们来到埃及。在近 3 年的抗议和暴动后，这个国家正在努力开创稳定局面。

“This is a nation that has been pushed to the brink 2 and as long as these issues are not addressed, there will be a third and fourth and a fifth uprising.”

“这个国家已经被推向悬崖边缘，一旦这些问题得不到解决，就会出现第三次、第四次、第五次起义。”

The struggle for peace in Egypt and Nigeria. That is the subject of our program today.

Will the Egypt Settle Political Differences in 2014?

埃及能否在 2014 年解决政治分歧？

Egyptian leaders continue to struggle to calm their nation. But unhappiness with the country’s current rulers appears to be growing. June Simms has this report.

埃及领导人仍在努力让国民平静下来。但对该国当权者的不满情绪似乎正在高涨。

In 2013, Egyptians protested in large numbers and forced their leader out of office. It was the second large uprising in two years.

2013 年，大批埃及人进行抗议，强迫领导人下台。这是两年内第二次大规模起义。

The protestors were helped by the military, which imprisoned 4 the country’s first freely-elected president -- Islamist Mohamed Morsi. The army also took action against  his supporters.

抗议者得到了军方的支持，军方囚禁了该国家第一任自由选举总统——伊斯兰教的默罕默德?穆尔西。军队还对他的支持者采取了行动。

The current military-supported government has offered a plan for stability -- a new constitution to be voted on by Egyptians, followed by elections for president and  parliament.

当前由军方支持的政府提供了一项稳定计划——在总统和国会选举后，埃及人投票决定新宪法。

Until recently, many Egyptians supported their new leaders, who had promised to keep the Muslim Brotherhood 5 political party of Mr. Morsi from taking part in the  elections. Wael Khalil is an activist 6 and well-known blogger.

到最近为止，很多埃及人支持他们的新领袖，他承诺不让穆尔西的政党穆斯林兄弟会参与选举。Wael Khalil 是一位活动人士和知名博主。

“Getting Morsi back in power is not an outcome -- is not a probable outcome -- so that we are now looking with more scrutiny 7 at those in power.”

“让穆尔西重新执政不是应有的结果，所以我们现在对当政者采取更多的监控。”

Anti-government protesters now include more than Mr. Morsi's supporters. Many activists 8 oppose the strong government and police answers to protests. Mr. Khalil said  the protestors thought those severe moves had ended in 2011.

现在，反对政府的抗议者不仅包括穆尔西的支持者。很多活动人士反对政府和警方对抗议者的强硬。Khalil 说，抗议者本以为这种过激举动在 2011 年就结束了。

“More and more people are starting to see, first of all, the return of the police state and how the police is really coming back with a vengeance 9.”

“越来越多的人开始看到，首先，警方又回到了那种状态，警方带着仇恨再次回到那种状态。”

There is also unhappiness about the economy. Unemployment, lack of tourism and investment, plus inflation -- especially in the price of food -- are hurting many  Egyptians.

此外还有对经济的不满。失业、旅游业和投资匮乏、再加上通货膨胀——尤其是食品价格——这都让很多埃及人感到痛心。

Protestors in the 2011 revolution demanded “bread, freedom, dignity.” Political analyst 10 Hisham Kassem says those demands continue to be made.

2011 年革命中的抗议者要求“面包、自由、尊严”。政治分析家 Hisham Kassem 说，这些要求仍然成立。

“This is a nation that has been pushed to the brink and as long as these issues are not addressed, there will be a third and fourth and a fifth uprising. It’s not  going to stop, and whether it is the military or the Islamists, whoever is now on the seat needs to deliver.”

“这个国家已经被推向悬崖边缘，一旦这些问题得不到解决，就会出现第三次、第四次、第五次起义。这些要求不会终止，不管是要传递给军方还是伊斯兰教徒，不管是谁坐在那个位置上。 ”

But not everyone thinks everything in Egypt is going badly.

但并非所有人都认为埃及现状一无是处。

Saad Eddin Ibrahim is the chairman of the Ibn Khaldun Center for Development Studies. He says protests take time to work.

Saad Eddin Ibrahim 是伊本?赫勒敦发展研究中心主席。他说，抗议生效需要时间。

“There is always a decade or so around in the revolutionary explosion before the volcano settles down and the ashes settle.”

“从革命爆发到尘埃落定，总归要有 10 年左右的时间。”

He says it will not take that long for Egypt to become calm. He says that may happen in another year. He believes people are tired of revolution. But that is not what  protestors in the streets are saying.

他说，埃及不需要这么久才平定。他认为下一年可能就实现了。他相信人们已经疲于变革。但街上的抗议者不这么认为。

I’m June Simms.

You are listening to As It Is, a program designed to help you learn to speak, read and write American English.

Nigeria’s Fight Against Terrorist Group Boko Haram Goes On尼日利亚仍与恐怖组织博科圣地作战This year was supposed to have been the last for Boko Haram. The Islamist  terrorist group has been attacking people in northern Nigeria for four years.  Thousands of troops were sent to three northeastern states to fight the group, but the  violence continues and the area is still under emergency rule. Here is Christopher Cruise.

今年本该是博科圣地的最后一年。这个伊斯兰教恐怖组织在尼日利亚北部侵扰民众 4 年。数千部队被派遣到西北三个州与该组织作战，但暴力冲突仍在继续，该地区仍处于紧急状态。

In May, Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan said Boko Haram was getting stronger. It had captured territories and was continuing its attacks, assassinations 11 and  kidnappings. It was seen by President Jonathan as a declaration of war on Nigeria.

5 月，尼日利亚总统古德勒克?乔纳森称博科圣地在变强。它抢占领地，并且不断袭击、暗杀和绑架。乔纳森总统把这看作对尼日利亚的宣战。

“I hereby declare a State of Emergency in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states. Accordingly, the Chief of Defense 12 Staff has been directed to immediately deploy 13 more troops  to these states for more effective internal security operations.”

“我特此宣布，博尔诺州、约贝州和阿达马瓦州进入紧急状态。据此，指定国防部长立即部署更多部队到这些州，更有效地保障国内治安。”

It was Nigeria’s largest offensive against Boko Haram. In the first six months of the state of emergency, the military took control of northern cities, but attacks  continued in rural areas.

这是尼日利亚对博科圣地的最大攻势。在紧急状态的前 6 个月，军方控制了北部城市，但农村地区的袭击仍然存在。

Army spokesman Colonel Muhammad Dole 14 said the military has cut the supplies of the group:

军方发言人默罕默德?多尔上校称，军方切断了该组织的物资供应：

“We were also able to cut most of their supplies so the attack on villages so the attack on villages is a desperation so they can survive.  They do not have food.  They do not have water.”

“我们还切断了他们大部分的物资供应，这样以来村庄成为了绝境。他们没有食物，没有水。”

Colonel Dole said some members of the group fled to neighboring countries.

多尔上校说，该组织一些成员逃到邻国。

In November, the United States called Boko Haram and a linked group called Ansaru foreign terrorist organizations. Emergency rule was then put in place for another six  months.

11 月，美国将博科圣地和相关组织安萨鲁称作外国恐怖组织。紧急状态因此又延长了 6 个月。

Two weeks later people in Maiduguri -- the original home of the insurgency 15 -- said they felt safe for the first time in years. Dauda Tatally owns a small computer  supply shop in Maiduguri.

两周后，迈杜古里（暴乱发源地）的民众称他们这些年第一次感到安全。Dauda Tatally 在迈杜古里有一家小型电脑供应商店。

“Since then, we did not hear of any insurgents 16, any cheating around.  So we can say life is better now.”

“从那时起，我们再没听到任何叛乱和偷盗。因此可以说，现在的生活更好了。”

But in early December, Maiduguri no longer felt safe. Militants 17 attacked the Air Force, the Army and the Police.

但在 12 月初，迈杜古里不再安全。武装组织袭击了空军、陆军和警察。

The military told everyone to stay in their houses both day and night, a 24-hour curfew. The attackers destroyed an army post and a police base. Many cars and oil  trucks were burned.

军方告诉每个人要不分昼夜呆在家中，24 小时宵禁。袭击者毁坏了一个军事邮局和警方基地。很多汽车和运油车被烧毁。

Human Rights Watch says Boko Haram has killed thousands of people in the past four years. But it says strong answers to the attacks by security forces have killed  hundreds more.

人权观察指出，博科圣地在过去 4 年杀害了数千人。但它表示，安全部队对这些袭击的强势反击也造成了数百人死亡。

Researcher Eric Guttschuss says violence between members of different communities has also killed thousands of people in past four years. He says the government’s  failure to imprison 3 attackers is giving strength to the Boko Haram crisis.

研究人员 Eric Guttschuss 说，不同社区成员之间的冲突在过去 4 年杀害了数千人。他说，政府让袭击者逍遥法外，这助长了博科圣地危机。

“One of reasons to that they have used to justify 18 these attacks is to say ‘When Muslims were attacked in Plateau State, for example, those who carried out the  attacks, nothing happened to them and the government turned a blind eye.’”

“他们用来给这些袭击者辩护的原因之一是，‘比如，当穆斯林在高原州被袭击之后，发动袭击的人没有受到任何制裁，政府视而不见。”’

More violence between religious, political and tribal 19 groups is expected next year before Nigeria’s 2015 presidential elections.

预计，宗教组织、政治团体和部落之间将在明年的 2015 年尼日利亚总统选举之前发生更多冲突。

The Nigerian military says it continues to fight Boko Haram and kill members of the group in gun battles and air raids.

尼日利亚军方称，它将继续与博科圣地作战，并在枪战和空袭中击毙该组织的成员。

But in rural areas of northern Nigeria, people are still being killed, homes are still being burned and people still live in fear.

但在尼日利亚北部的农村地区，仍然有人被杀害，有家园被焚毁，人们仍生活在恐惧中。

I’m Christopher Cruise.

And that’s our program for today. It was written by Christopher Cruise from reports by Elizabeth Arrott in Cairo and Heather Murdock in Maiduguri. You can tell us  what you want to hear on a future show. You can also go to our website -- www.voanews.cn. Thank you for spending some of your time with us today.