VOA慢速英语 200707030045
时间：2019-01-11 作者：英语课 分类：VOA慢速英语2007年（七）月
英语课
VOICE ONE:
This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English. I'm Bob Doughty 1.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Faith Lapidus. This week, we tell about health problems linked to extreme heat. We also tell about what to do to prevent and treat these problems.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Girls protect their faces from the heat in Ahmadabad, India
Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems -- even death.
Floods, storms and other natural events kill thousands of people every year. So does extreme heat. Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer 2.
Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing 3 more than one hundred people in India. Daytime temperatures rose to more than forty-five degrees Celsius 4 in some areas. On June eleventh, the temperature in one desert town hit fifty-one degrees.
VOICE TWO:
Experts say the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.
Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems that are linked to heat.
VOICE ONE:
The most common health problem linked to hot weather is heat stress. Usually, it is also the least severe. The causes of heat stress include wearing heavy clothing, physical work or exercise, hot weather or high humidity 5. Humidity is the amount of water in the air.
If several of these conditions are present at the same time, a person's body temperature may rise above safe limits. The person loses large amounts of body water and salt in perspiration 6. Perspiration is one of the body's defenses against heat. It is how the body releases 7 water to cool the skin.
Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress. The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say those suffering muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place. They should also drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.
VOICE TWO:
Doctors say some people face an increased danger from heat stress. Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system. Severe heat increases problems for small children, older adults and those who have the disease 8 diabetes 9. It is also dangerous for people who weigh too much and have too much body fat, and for people who drink alcohol 10. Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure, poor blood flow, nervousness or depression.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
A U.S. Army soldier is treated for heat exhaustion 11 in Iraq
Untreated heat stress can lead to a more serious problem called heat exhaustion. A person suffering from heat exhaustion loses too much water through perspiration. The person becomes dehydrated.
Dehydration 12 limits a person's ability to work and think. Experts say a reduction 13 of only four or five percent in body water leads to a drop of twenty to thirty percent in work ability. The loss of salt through perspiration also reduces the amount of work that muscles can do.
VOICE TWO:
A person suffering heat exhaustion feels weak and extremely tired. He or she may have trouble walking normally 14. Heat exhaustion may also produce a feeling of sickness, a fast heartbeat, breathing problems and pain in the head, chest or stomach. Doctors say people suffering from such problems should rest quietly in a cool place and drink plenty of water. They also say it may help to wash with cool water.
Heat exhaustion can develop quickly. But it also can develop slowly, over a period of days. Doctors call this dehydration exhaustion. Each day, the body loses only a little more water than is taken in. The person may not even know this problem is developing. But if the problem continues for several days, the effects will be the same as the usual kind of heat exhaustion.
Experts say that even a two percent drop in the body's water supply can cause signs of dehydration, including problems with memory and even simple mathematics.
The treatment for dehydration exhaustion is the same as for heat exhaustion. Drink plenty of water and rest in a cool place. Even better, doctors say, drink about two liters 15 of water a day so problems with dehydration will not have a chance to develop.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke 16 if it is not treated. Heat stroke is the most serious disorder 17 linked to hot weather. It results when the body is not able to control its temperature. The body's temperature increases and perspiration fails.
Generally, the body temperature rises to more than forty degrees Celsius. The body stops perspiring 18. The skin becomes dry and very hot. A person may become unconscious, not knowing what is happening.
Doctors say the body's tissues 19 and organs begin to cook when its temperature is higher than forty-two degrees Celsius. Permanent brain damage and death may result. Immediate 20 medical help is needed for someone with heat stroke. Doctors say such treatment is necessary or the person could die before help arrives.
VOICE TWO:
The purpose of immediate treatment is to cool the victim as quickly as possible to stop the body temperature from increasing. Begin by moving the victim out of the sun. Raise the person's feet up about thirty centimeters. Take off the victim's clothing. Put cool water on the body. Place pieces of ice in areas where blood passageways are close to the skin. These include the back of the neck and under the arms.
Experts say it is important to know the danger signs of the medical disorders 21 linked to hot weather. It is also important to know what to do if the signs appear...in yourself or in someone else.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Experts say water is important for many health reasons. The body itself is between fifty-five and seventy-five percent water. Water in blood carries hormones 22 and antibodies through the body. Water in urine carries away waste materials. Water is also needed for cooling the body on hot days, and when we are working or exercising. Water carries body heat to the surface of the skin. There, the heat is lost through perspiration.
Health experts say adults should drink about two liters of water a day to replace all the water lost in liquid wastes and perspiration. They say people should drink more than that in hot weather.
Experts say it is especially important to drink before, during and after exercise. They say we should drink water even before we start to feel like we need something to drink. This is because we sometimes do not feel thirsty until we already have lost a lot of body liquid.
VOICE TWO:
In hot weather, drinking cool liquids is best. Cool drinks do more than just replace lost body water. They also help cool us faster than warm liquids do. This is because they take up more heat inside the body and carry it away faster.
Yet experts advise against drinking sweet liquids in hot weather. The sugar they contain slows the liquid from getting into the blood system. Tea and coffee also are not effective. Doctors also warn against alcoholic 23 drinks. Alcohol speeds the loss of body water through liquid wastes.
VOICE ONE:
Doctors say actions other than drinking water can protect against the heath dangers of heat. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Wear loose, light-weight and light colored clothes. Wear a hat or other head covering when in the sun. Eat fewer hot and heavy foods. If possible, cook foods during cooler times of the day. Also, rest more often. Physical activity produces body heat.
Experts say these simple steps can prevent the dangerous health problems linked to heat. They will prevent sickness, help you feel better and may one day even save your life.
(MUSIC)
VOICE TWO:
This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS program was written by Nancy Steinbach. It was produced by Brianna Blake. I'm Faith Lapidus.
VOICE ONE:
And I'm Bob Doughty. You can read and listen to this program on our Web site, www.unsv.com. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.
This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English. I'm Bob Doughty 1.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Faith Lapidus. This week, we tell about health problems linked to extreme heat. We also tell about what to do to prevent and treat these problems.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Girls protect their faces from the heat in Ahmadabad, India
Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems -- even death.
Floods, storms and other natural events kill thousands of people every year. So does extreme heat. Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer 2.
Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing 3 more than one hundred people in India. Daytime temperatures rose to more than forty-five degrees Celsius 4 in some areas. On June eleventh, the temperature in one desert town hit fifty-one degrees.
VOICE TWO:
Experts say the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.
Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems that are linked to heat.
VOICE ONE:
The most common health problem linked to hot weather is heat stress. Usually, it is also the least severe. The causes of heat stress include wearing heavy clothing, physical work or exercise, hot weather or high humidity 5. Humidity is the amount of water in the air.
If several of these conditions are present at the same time, a person's body temperature may rise above safe limits. The person loses large amounts of body water and salt in perspiration 6. Perspiration is one of the body's defenses against heat. It is how the body releases 7 water to cool the skin.
Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress. The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say those suffering muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place. They should also drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.
VOICE TWO:
Doctors say some people face an increased danger from heat stress. Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system. Severe heat increases problems for small children, older adults and those who have the disease 8 diabetes 9. It is also dangerous for people who weigh too much and have too much body fat, and for people who drink alcohol 10. Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure, poor blood flow, nervousness or depression.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
A U.S. Army soldier is treated for heat exhaustion 11 in Iraq
Untreated heat stress can lead to a more serious problem called heat exhaustion. A person suffering from heat exhaustion loses too much water through perspiration. The person becomes dehydrated.
Dehydration 12 limits a person's ability to work and think. Experts say a reduction 13 of only four or five percent in body water leads to a drop of twenty to thirty percent in work ability. The loss of salt through perspiration also reduces the amount of work that muscles can do.
VOICE TWO:
A person suffering heat exhaustion feels weak and extremely tired. He or she may have trouble walking normally 14. Heat exhaustion may also produce a feeling of sickness, a fast heartbeat, breathing problems and pain in the head, chest or stomach. Doctors say people suffering from such problems should rest quietly in a cool place and drink plenty of water. They also say it may help to wash with cool water.
Heat exhaustion can develop quickly. But it also can develop slowly, over a period of days. Doctors call this dehydration exhaustion. Each day, the body loses only a little more water than is taken in. The person may not even know this problem is developing. But if the problem continues for several days, the effects will be the same as the usual kind of heat exhaustion.
Experts say that even a two percent drop in the body's water supply can cause signs of dehydration, including problems with memory and even simple mathematics.
The treatment for dehydration exhaustion is the same as for heat exhaustion. Drink plenty of water and rest in a cool place. Even better, doctors say, drink about two liters 15 of water a day so problems with dehydration will not have a chance to develop.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke 16 if it is not treated. Heat stroke is the most serious disorder 17 linked to hot weather. It results when the body is not able to control its temperature. The body's temperature increases and perspiration fails.
Generally, the body temperature rises to more than forty degrees Celsius. The body stops perspiring 18. The skin becomes dry and very hot. A person may become unconscious, not knowing what is happening.
Doctors say the body's tissues 19 and organs begin to cook when its temperature is higher than forty-two degrees Celsius. Permanent brain damage and death may result. Immediate 20 medical help is needed for someone with heat stroke. Doctors say such treatment is necessary or the person could die before help arrives.
VOICE TWO:
The purpose of immediate treatment is to cool the victim as quickly as possible to stop the body temperature from increasing. Begin by moving the victim out of the sun. Raise the person's feet up about thirty centimeters. Take off the victim's clothing. Put cool water on the body. Place pieces of ice in areas where blood passageways are close to the skin. These include the back of the neck and under the arms.
Experts say it is important to know the danger signs of the medical disorders 21 linked to hot weather. It is also important to know what to do if the signs appear...in yourself or in someone else.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Experts say water is important for many health reasons. The body itself is between fifty-five and seventy-five percent water. Water in blood carries hormones 22 and antibodies through the body. Water in urine carries away waste materials. Water is also needed for cooling the body on hot days, and when we are working or exercising. Water carries body heat to the surface of the skin. There, the heat is lost through perspiration.
Health experts say adults should drink about two liters of water a day to replace all the water lost in liquid wastes and perspiration. They say people should drink more than that in hot weather.
Experts say it is especially important to drink before, during and after exercise. They say we should drink water even before we start to feel like we need something to drink. This is because we sometimes do not feel thirsty until we already have lost a lot of body liquid.
VOICE TWO:
In hot weather, drinking cool liquids is best. Cool drinks do more than just replace lost body water. They also help cool us faster than warm liquids do. This is because they take up more heat inside the body and carry it away faster.
Yet experts advise against drinking sweet liquids in hot weather. The sugar they contain slows the liquid from getting into the blood system. Tea and coffee also are not effective. Doctors also warn against alcoholic 23 drinks. Alcohol speeds the loss of body water through liquid wastes.
VOICE ONE:
Doctors say actions other than drinking water can protect against the heath dangers of heat. Stay out of the sun, if possible. Wear loose, light-weight and light colored clothes. Wear a hat or other head covering when in the sun. Eat fewer hot and heavy foods. If possible, cook foods during cooler times of the day. Also, rest more often. Physical activity produces body heat.
Experts say these simple steps can prevent the dangerous health problems linked to heat. They will prevent sickness, help you feel better and may one day even save your life.
(MUSIC)
VOICE TWO:
This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS program was written by Nancy Steinbach. It was produced by Brianna Blake. I'm Faith Lapidus.
VOICE ONE:
And I'm Bob Doughty. You can read and listen to this program on our Web site, www.unsv.com. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.
adj.勇猛的，坚强的
- Most of successful men have the characteristics of contumacy and doughty.绝大多数成功人士都有共同的特质：脾气倔强，性格刚强。
- The doughty old man battled his illness with fierce determination.坚强的老人用巨大毅力与疾病作斗争。
n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者
- Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
- The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。
n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财
- Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
- Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的
- The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
- The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。
n.湿度，潮湿，湿气
- The house is not comfortable tonight ,because of the high humidity.由于湿度高，今晚屋子里不舒服。
- It's difficult to work because of the humidity.由于空气潮湿，工作很困难。
n.汗水；出汗
- It is so hot that my clothes are wet with perspiration.天太热了，我的衣服被汗水湿透了。
- The perspiration was running down my back.汗从我背上淌下来。
v.释放( release的第三人称单数 )；放开；发布；发行
- Nuclear fission releases tremendous amounts of energy. 核裂变释放出巨大的能量。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- Zemel says that when calcium levels are low, the body releases a hormone that helps squeeze the most out of every available milligram of the mineral. 泽莫尔博士说，当人体中的钙含量偏低时，身体里就会产生一种荷尔蒙，它能帮助肌体最大限度地吸收所摄入的钙。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.疾病，弊端
- The doctors are trying to stamp out the disease.医生正在尽力消灭这种疾病。
- He fought against the disease for a long time.他同疾病做了长时间的斗争。
n.糖尿病
- In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
- Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
n.酒精，乙醇；含酒精的饮料
- The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors.法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。
- The alcohol is industrial.这些酒精是供工业用的。
n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述
- She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
- His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。
n.脱水，干燥
- He died from severe dehydration.他死于严重脱水。
- The eyes are often retracted from dehydration.眼睛常因脱水而凹陷。
n.减少，减低，减缩；减少，减低
- Reduction in income tax will be welcomed with open arms.减少所得税将受到热烈欢迎。
- You will have a reduction for cash.付现金可以打折扣。
adv.正常地，通常地
- I normally do all my shopping on Saturdays.我通常在星期六买东西。
- My pulse beats normally.我脉搏正常。
n.升( liter的名词复数 )
- In the metric system, measurements are made in metres and liters. 在公制中，用米和升作计量单位。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- This can holds five liters of water. 这个容器可装五升水。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.笔画，击打，连续的动作，中风，心跳；vt.奉承，轻抚； vi.击打，心跳...
- He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer.他一锤就把钉子敲进去了。
- He broke the lock with one stroke of the hammer.他一锤就把锁砸坏了。
n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调
- When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
- It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
v.出汗，流汗( perspire的现在分词 )
- He had been working hard and was perspiring profusely. 他一直在努力干活，身上大汗淋漓的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- So they "went it lively," panting and perspiring with the work. 于是他们就“痛痛快快地比一比”了，结果比得两个人气喘吁吁、汗流浃背。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
n.组织( tissue的名词复数 )；薄纸；棉纸；一套
- The teacher showed the students the pictures of brain tissues. 老师给学生们看脑组织的图片。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Give some face tissues to me. 给我些面巾纸。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
- His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
- We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调
- Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》