高中英语人教版高三2 06

[00:03.68]Lesson 77            1 Reading comprehension

[00:11.26]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.

[00:17.32]1 In which countries did Gandhi work for the liberation 1 of Indians?

[00:24.58]2 What successes did Gandhi gain?

[00:29.94]GANDHI:HIS LIFE

[00:33.88]He was called"Bapu,"meaning"father"--because he was the father

[00:41.35]of the Indian nation of the twentieth century.

[00:45.90]Even before India won independence from its British rulers,

[00:52.06]it was clear that Gandhi was the key figure

[00:56.32]and leader in the struggle of 380 million Indians to govern themselves.

[01:04.18]Mohandas Gandhi was born in India in 1869 and was married at the age of 13,

[01:12.54]following local custom.

[01:15.70]In September 1888 at the age of 19,

[01:21.55]he sailed to England and after three years'study became a loawyer.

[01:28.03]On his return to India he had the chance to travel to South Africa

[01:33.88]to work on a law case.This experience was to change his life.

[01:40.73]At this period Indians livling in South Africa

[01:46.08]were badly treated by South African whites,

[01:50.45]and very few of them had the right to vote.

[01:54.70]Gandhi was thrown off a train and later a mail bus

[02:00.35]for insisting on travelling in the whitew-only section.

[02:05.20]He was so shocked by this lack of equality and fairness

[02:11.16]that he formed an organization leading the Indians'struggle for equal rights.

[02:17.64]He quiockly became the leader.

[02:20.98]For twenty years Gandhi played an important role

[02:26.34]in working for equal rights for Indians.

[02:31.01]He wrote about socialism in newspapers

[02:35.66]and started a magazine called"Indian Opinion".

[02:40.91]When he returned to India he spoke 2 in public about the situation in South Africa.

[02:47.76]South Africa passed further laws designed to make life difficult for non-whites.

[02:54.60]All the Indians over the age of 8 had to carry their permits at all times.

[03:01.76]The Indians declared that this"Pass Law"was unfair.

[03:07.51]Some of them publicly burnt their permits and many of them were put in pison.

[03:13.57]Other Indians were killed

[03:17.43]when police officers fiercely attacked their political marches.

[03:22.76]Finally,as a result of the unrest among the Indian population,

[03:28.72]the leader of South Africa had to give in.

[03:32.87]Gandhi won his first non-violent struggle against racial discrimination.

[03:38.93]Gandhi returned to Indea in 1915 and was honoured as a hero.

[03:45.78]Over the next thirtytwo years he fought for human rights

[03:51.52]and the rights of workers who were badly treated by their employers 3.

[03:56.88]Finally,he demanded an end to the British rule over India

[04:02.63]and independence for his country.

[04:06.39]Because of his revolutionary views,he spent many years in prison.

[04:12.13]He had a gift for thiking up ways of making political points.

[04:17.49]He encouraged Indians to start making their own cotton cloth

[04:22.95]and to refuse to buy cloth made in England.

[04:27.31]Thousands joined him when he led a march to the coast,

[04:32.17]with the purpose of"making a little salt"when he reached the sea.

[04:38.41]At that time only the British government had the right to sell salt,

[04:44.34]which was taxed,so Gandhi encouraged the whole nation to make their own salt.

[04:50.90]Following this,60,000 Indians,including Gandhi,were put in prison.

[04:58.06]In the end this political movement succeeded

[05:02.73]and Indians were allowed to make and sell salt.

[05:07.46]Many other struggles follwed.

[05:10.99]Finally,India won her independence on August 15th,1947,

[05:18.75]but Gandhi himself was shot five months later by an Indian who opposed his views.

[05:25.90]He died on Januauy 30th,1948.

[05:31.18]Lesson 78

[05:39.54]1 Reading comprehension

[05:43.59]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.

[05:49.86]1 What did Gandhi mean by"the force of truth"?

[05:56.21]2 Which event is described in the text?

[06:01.48]GANDHI:HIS BELIEFS

[06:05.43]Gandhi was much more than a clever lawyer,a fine speaker

[06:10.89]a determined 4 fighter for human rights and a political leader.

[06:16.16]He was a model of a different kind of politlcal leader.

[06:21.02]The secret lies in the title of the book which he wrote about his early life,

[06:27.50]"The story of my experiments with truth".

[06:32.46]He felt free to talk about his failures or his difficulties.

[06:37.92]Where he made mistakes,he admitted these willingly.

[06:43.20]Above all,he refused to make any personal gain from his political work.

[06:50.25]Before he returned to India,

[06:53.73]he decided 5 to live as a poor man and not to possess wealth.

[06:59.60]When he travelled across India,

[07:03.05]he travelled"hard-seat,unreserved",

[07:07.62]together with peasants and other ordinary people.

[07:11.88]In cities he refused to travel in a rickshaw,

[07:16.74]a two-wheeed cart pulled by a bare-footed man.

[07:21.18]He ate simply,and never ate meat.

[07:25.44]He rose early in the morning and worked at his wheel,making cotton thread.

[07:32.10]he believed that everyone should be prepared to do heavy work,

[07:37.74]from the leaders to the poorest peasants.

[07:41.79]He was interested in all spiritual matters,not only in the Indian gods.

[07:48.45]He read many books and paused in his work at six every evening for prayers,

[07:55.01]even when he was with other world leaders.

[07:59.27]One day a week he would spend the whole day in silence.

[08:04.91]All his life he reached out for the truths of spirits and gods.

[08:10.95]Gandhi believed that one should be able to

[08:15.18]"love the most ordinary being on earth as oneself."

[08:20.74]Gandhi hated the custom that had divided Hindu society into separate groups

[08:27.59]for thousands of years and his goal was to end this.

[08:32.86]He became a supporter of the poorest group in society,

[08:37.83]who did the lowest-paid jobs.

[08:41.48]Because of his actions

[08:44.83]all Hindus were finally free to draw water from the same village well,

[08:51.20]to go to the same temple to pray and even marry each other.

[08:56.84]Gandhi paid great attention to the equality of women.

[09:01.91]Perhaps his greatest belief was in an Indian phrase

[09:07.84]which he called"the force of truth".

[09:12.07]If an unfair law existed,

[09:15.70]and there were many that had been passed by the British rulers in India

[09:20.95]and South Africa it was the duty of everyone to disobey this law,

[09:27.43]but without using violence.

[09:31.38]People should be ready to go to prison for their beliefs,

[09:36.34]but they should never take up arms to fight.

[09:40.99]The death fo Gandhi gave India a chance to mourn

[09:46.27]and express how he had become"father"to all Indians.

[09:52.12]Millions watched the slow march that took his body through the capital.

[09:58.28]A further million watched as the fire,

[10:02.54]following Indian custom,turned his body to ashes.

[10:08.00]Twelve days later,millions more Indians lined the railway tracks

[10:14.45]as a slow train took the jar containing his ashes 584 kilometres

[10:22.18]to a place by the river.

[10:25.35]Three million people watched as the ashes of this great man

[10:30.60]were gently poured into the brown waters of the river

[10:36.06]that would carry them to the ocean.

[10:39.71]At the time of his death,one person praised him as follows:

[10:45.67]"Future generations,it may be,

[10:49.74]will hardly believe that such a person as this walked upon this earth."

[10:55.49]The speaker was Albert Einstein.