时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   一、英语中构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外),通常须使用倒装结构,这是语法结构的需要。例如:


  1.When are we going 1 to drink to your happiness 2?
  我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?
  2.Have you seen 3 the film?
  你看了那部电影吗?
  3.Have you anything like that?
  在美国英语中常见:Do you have anything like that?
  你有那样的东西吗?
  二、以副词here,there,off 4,out,away等开头的句子,主要是表示感叹语气的句子,当其主语为名词时,通常要使用倒装。例如:
  4. Here comes our teacher! 你们的老师来了!
  5.Away went the boy to the school! 那男孩子到学校里去了!
  6.Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了!
  三、当构成关联从属连词so...that的so位于句首时,往往要使用倒装结构。例如:
  7.So loudly did 5 the students read that people could 6 hear them out in the street.
  同学们大声读书,人们在街上都听得见(他们的读书声)。
  8.So small were the words that he could hardly 7 see them.
  字那么小,他几乎看不见。
  四、以引导词there开头的句子,须使用倒装结构。例如:
  (A) 表示“……有……”之概念的“There+ be +主语” 结构:
  9. There are three books on the desk. 桌上有三本书。
  10.There were something in the box. 箱子里有东西。
  (B) 用于正式文体,特别是文学作品中的 "there+不及物动词十主语" 结构,当主语不明确而又是一个很长的名词短语时,往往使用这种结构:
  11.There entered 8 a strange 9 little man.
  走进来一个奇怪而身材又矮小的人。
  12. Once there lived an old fisherman 10 in a village by the sea.
  从前,海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
  在叙述性和描绘性的书面语中,这种结构若带有地点状语,而且把这种状语放在句首时,可以用省略there的倒装结构。如:
  13.In the cottage 11 lives a family of six.
  在这幢小茅舍里住着一家六口。
  五、当平时一般不放在句首的状语,为了强调起见而放在句首时,使用倒装结构。例如:
  14. Near the bridge 12 was 13 an old cottage.
  在桥的附近有一幢古老的小茅舍。
  15.Well do I remember the day I saw 15 a wild 16 tiger.
  见到一只猛虎的那一天,我记得很清楚。
  六、当直接引语的一部分或者全部位于句首时,引述分句的主语又是名词或名词短语,该引述分句常用倒装结构。例如:
  16. "What shall 17 we do?" said 18 the teacher."
  “我们怎么呢?”老师说。
  17、 "Great!" said my father." "I‘ll go there."
  "好极了!" 我父亲说。“我将到那里去。”
  七、某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首,以构成倒装结构。例如:
  18. No matter how interesting the book is,he doesn‘t like to read it.
  (语序是:No matter how+表语十主语十系动词be)
  不管这本书多有趣,他都不想看。
  19.However 19 hard a solid 20 may be,we can change its shape.
  (语序是: However+表语+主语+系动词be)不管一个固体有多硬,我们都可以改变其形状。
  20.Young as 14 he is, he knows some of the family secrets 21.
  (语序是:表语十as+代词作主语十系动词be)尽管他年纪小,他却知道家里的一些秘密。
  21.Difficult as the work was (或:Difficult as was the work),it was finished 22 in time.
  (语序是:表语十as十名词作主语十系动词be,或:表语+as+系动词be+名词作主语)工作虽然困难,还是及时完成了。
  注1) 用as引导的让步状语从句,表语应放在as之前(例20和例21);如果主语是代词,主语就要放在系动词be之前。例20;如果主语是名词,则主语可以放在系动词be之前或后,如例21。
  (2) 用as引导的让步状语从句中,如果谓语是“助动词+主要动词原形”,则应把主要动词原形放在as之前,其语序为:主要动词原形+as+主语十助动词。例如:
  22. Try as I might 23, I could not lift the stone.
  尽管我用尽力气,我还是举不起这块石头。
  八、有些表示“感叹、祝愿”等语气的句子,也可使用倒装结构。例如:
  23.Isn‘t it cold!
  天气真冷!
  24.Was I surprised 24!
  我真感到惊奇!
  25.May "both be happy!"
  祝你们两位幸福!
  总之,使用倒装结构的情况比较复杂,不可能在有限的篇幅内作出详尽的介绍与论述。究竟何时使用倒装结构,归结起来不外两点:一是语法结构需要时用;二是表示强调时用。

n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
n.幸福感;快乐;幸运
  • I wish you the life of happiness and prosperity.我祝你生活幸福、万事如意。
  • We all desire happiness and health.我们都想得到幸福和健康。
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
  • Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
  • I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
adj.远的;休假的,空闲的;adv.走开,出发,隔断;prep.离开,脱落,在...之外
  • You'd better cool off first.你最好先冷静下来。
  • I need some time off.我需要一些时间休息。
v.动词do的过去式
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
adv.几乎没有,刚刚,几乎不,勉强是
  • I could hardly believe my eyes.我简直不相信自己的眼睛。
  • The hens hardly laid any eggs in summer.母鸡夏天几乎不下蛋。
v.进入( enter的过去式和过去分词 );进去;参加;登记
  • The jet entered Chinese airspace without permission. 那架喷气式飞机未经允许闯入中国领空。
  • Please check that your surname and forenames have been correctly entered. 请核对你的姓名已正确输入。
adj.奇怪的;古怪的
  • She's a strange policewoman.她是个作风奇特的女警。
  • I heard a strange sound.我听到一种奇怪的声音。
n.([复数]fishermen)渔夫,捕鱼人
  • His father is a fisherman. 他的父亲是渔民.
  • There was once a poor old fisherman. 从前有位穷苦的老渔夫.
n.村舍,小屋;别墅
  • We rented a cottage at the seaside for Christmas. 我们在海边租了一栋别墅度圣诞节。
  • I have lived in a farm labourer's cottage.我曾在农舍居住过。
n.桥,鼻梁,桥牌;vt.渡过,架桥
  • There are two bookshops near the bridge.大桥附近有两家书店。
  • I am strange at bridge.我对桥牌是外行。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
conj.按照;如同
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
  • Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
  • The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。
adj.放荡的;未开发的,野的,野生的,原始的;n.荒野
  • We should protect the wild animal.我们应该保护野生动物。
  • After the old gardener died,the garden grew wild.老园丁死后,花园就慢慢荒芜了。
v.aux.(主要用于第一人称)将
  • I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
  • Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团?
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
adv.然而;conj.然而,可是,不过
  • It's raining hard.However,I still want to go there.虽然下着大雨,我还是想去那儿。
  • However, this does not always happen.然而,这种情况并不总是发生。
adj.固体的,结实的,可靠的,实心的;n.固体,实心;adv. 一致地
  • Water may change from a liquid to a solid.水可以由液体变为固体。
  • I know that James is a solid type of person.我知道詹姆斯是个可信赖的人。
n.秘密,机密( secret的名词复数 )
  • For years they had been betraying state secrets to Russia. 他们多年来一直在向俄罗斯泄露国家机密。
  • She confided all her secrets to her best friend. 她向她最要好的朋友倾吐了自己所有的秘密。
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
  • We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
  • We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
aux./v.(may的过去式)可能;可以,允许
  • It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
  • Might I ask a question?我能问个问题吗?
adj.感到惊讶的,感到惊奇的
  • Is that anything to be surprised at?那有什么可怪的?
  • The news greatly surprised us.这消息使我们非常惊异。
标签: 英语四级
学英语单词
a harbour of refuge
Adesmia
Akbakay
aluminium-foil with paper lining
AMEDS, AMedS
Anaerorhabdus
angles back to back
anthroposophies
aqua mirabilis
baccha (allobaccha) nubilipennis
back-up copy
ballad of reading gaol
bangle ear
bearing hub
blue(water) gas
book piracy
born-karman theory
brass polish
budget talks
cantaloupe melon
certificate references
coasting surface
completely mixed reactor
computer application for measurement and control
conducting-core heterofilament
critical energy of reaction
dasyuridaes
Dominique
ernst lubitsches
expectoratory
failure diagnostic
failure voltage
farri
fast-fading
fire tile
Fitch,Val
footcandlle
gelatt
genus Javanthropus
go formal
Google operating system
graphemic
haemal zygapophysis
happenin'
hardware select
Holland, Sir Sidney George
identification name
importuning
isotonic nucleus
jordan snow plow
king leopold ra.
laboulbenia ophioneae
line outage
live fish hold
long-stem
low - pressure system
mail person
malawar
marrinson
mcilvain
menifest of clearance
mini-trench
Multi-mask
multigroup Monte Carlo method
multilevel hierarchy
nonsupervised
operating system efficiency
panther lilies
PDLP
phase-locked speed control system
pixel map
polished-joint hanger
post-communists
radioactive emanations
rational fraction approximation
roof pressure
roots of unity
ruby port
scalenest
sceondary breaker
selective frequency control
sensory spots
signed magnitude computer
single path catalytic reaction
spacer flange
spontaneous gangrene
starves
Stellectomy
storm-clouds
sugarplum
surkamp
swinging-out casement window
teachware
tension management
thymegol
tilting-type
tower's liability
trabeculae corporis cavernosi urethrae
Treitz's Trelat's sign
unquality-like
vintage-car
wycch