英语四级语法倒装结构的八种用法
时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读
英语课
一、英语中构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外),通常须使用倒装结构,这是语法结构的需要。例如:
1.When are we going 1 to drink to your happiness 2?
我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?
2.Have you seen 3 the film?
你看了那部电影吗?
3.Have you anything like that?
在美国英语中常见:Do you have anything like that?
你有那样的东西吗?
二、以副词here,there,off 4,out,away等开头的句子,主要是表示感叹语气的句子,当其主语为名词时,通常要使用倒装。例如:
4. Here comes our teacher! 你们的老师来了!
5.Away went the boy to the school! 那男孩子到学校里去了!
6.Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了!
三、当构成关联从属连词so...that的so位于句首时,往往要使用倒装结构。例如:
7.So loudly did 5 the students read that people could 6 hear them out in the street.
同学们大声读书,人们在街上都听得见(他们的读书声)。
8.So small were the words that he could hardly 7 see them.
字那么小,他几乎看不见。
四、以引导词there开头的句子,须使用倒装结构。例如:
(A) 表示“……有……”之概念的“There+ be +主语” 结构:
9. There are three books on the desk. 桌上有三本书。
10.There were something in the box. 箱子里有东西。
(B) 用于正式文体,特别是文学作品中的 "there+不及物动词十主语" 结构,当主语不明确而又是一个很长的名词短语时,往往使用这种结构:
11.There entered 8 a strange 9 little man.
走进来一个奇怪而身材又矮小的人。
12. Once there lived an old fisherman 10 in a village by the sea.
从前,海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
在叙述性和描绘性的书面语中,这种结构若带有地点状语,而且把这种状语放在句首时,可以用省略there的倒装结构。如:
13.In the cottage 11 lives a family of six.
在这幢小茅舍里住着一家六口。
五、当平时一般不放在句首的状语,为了强调起见而放在句首时,使用倒装结构。例如:
14. Near the bridge 12 was 13 an old cottage.
在桥的附近有一幢古老的小茅舍。
15.Well do I remember the day I saw 15 a wild 16 tiger.
见到一只猛虎的那一天,我记得很清楚。
六、当直接引语的一部分或者全部位于句首时,引述分句的主语又是名词或名词短语,该引述分句常用倒装结构。例如:
16. "What shall 17 we do?" said 18 the teacher."
“我们怎么呢?”老师说。
17、 "Great!" said my father." "I‘ll go there."
"好极了!" 我父亲说。“我将到那里去。”
七、某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首,以构成倒装结构。例如:
18. No matter how interesting the book is,he doesn‘t like to read it.
(语序是:No matter how+表语十主语十系动词be)
不管这本书多有趣,他都不想看。
19.However 19 hard a solid 20 may be,we can change its shape.
(语序是: However+表语+主语+系动词be)不管一个固体有多硬,我们都可以改变其形状。
20.Young as 14 he is, he knows some of the family secrets 21.
(语序是:表语十as+代词作主语十系动词be)尽管他年纪小,他却知道家里的一些秘密。
21.Difficult as the work was (或:Difficult as was the work),it was finished 22 in time.
(语序是:表语十as十名词作主语十系动词be,或:表语+as+系动词be+名词作主语)工作虽然困难,还是及时完成了。
注1) 用as引导的让步状语从句,表语应放在as之前(例20和例21);如果主语是代词,主语就要放在系动词be之前。例20;如果主语是名词,则主语可以放在系动词be之前或后,如例21。
(2) 用as引导的让步状语从句中,如果谓语是“助动词+主要动词原形”,则应把主要动词原形放在as之前,其语序为:主要动词原形+as+主语十助动词。例如:
22. Try as I might 23, I could not lift the stone.
尽管我用尽力气,我还是举不起这块石头。
八、有些表示“感叹、祝愿”等语气的句子,也可使用倒装结构。例如:
23.Isn‘t it cold!
天气真冷!
24.Was I surprised 24!
我真感到惊奇!
25.May "both be happy!"
祝你们两位幸福!
总之,使用倒装结构的情况比较复杂,不可能在有限的篇幅内作出详尽的介绍与论述。究竟何时使用倒装结构,归结起来不外两点:一是语法结构需要时用;二是表示强调时用。
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
- We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
- He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
n.幸福感;快乐;幸运
- I wish you the life of happiness and prosperity.我祝你生活幸福、万事如意。
- We all desire happiness and health.我们都想得到幸福和健康。
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
- Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
- I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
adj.远的;休假的,空闲的;adv.走开,出发,隔断;prep.离开,脱落,在...之外
- You'd better cool off first.你最好先冷静下来。
- I need some time off.我需要一些时间休息。
v.动词do的过去式
- How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
- Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
- Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
- I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
adv.几乎没有,刚刚,几乎不,勉强是
- I could hardly believe my eyes.我简直不相信自己的眼睛。
- The hens hardly laid any eggs in summer.母鸡夏天几乎不下蛋。
v.进入( enter的过去式和过去分词 );进去;参加;登记
- The jet entered Chinese airspace without permission. 那架喷气式飞机未经允许闯入中国领空。
- Please check that your surname and forenames have been correctly entered. 请核对你的姓名已正确输入。
n.([复数]fishermen)渔夫,捕鱼人
- His father is a fisherman. 他的父亲是渔民.
- There was once a poor old fisherman. 从前有位穷苦的老渔夫.
n.村舍,小屋;别墅
- We rented a cottage at the seaside for Christmas. 我们在海边租了一栋别墅度圣诞节。
- I have lived in a farm labourer's cottage.我曾在农舍居住过。
n.桥,鼻梁,桥牌;vt.渡过,架桥
- There are two bookshops near the bridge.大桥附近有两家书店。
- I am strange at bridge.我对桥牌是外行。
conj.按照;如同
- He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
- In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
- Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
- The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。
adj.放荡的;未开发的,野的,野生的,原始的;n.荒野
- We should protect the wild animal.我们应该保护野生动物。
- After the old gardener died,the garden grew wild.老园丁死后,花园就慢慢荒芜了。
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
- He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
- He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
adv.然而;conj.然而,可是,不过
- It's raining hard.However,I still want to go there.虽然下着大雨,我还是想去那儿。
- However, this does not always happen.然而,这种情况并不总是发生。
adj.固体的,结实的,可靠的,实心的;n.固体,实心;adv. 一致地
- Water may change from a liquid to a solid.水可以由液体变为固体。
- I know that James is a solid type of person.我知道詹姆斯是个可信赖的人。
n.秘密,机密( secret的名词复数 )
- For years they had been betraying state secrets to Russia. 他们多年来一直在向俄罗斯泄露国家机密。
- She confided all her secrets to her best friend. 她向她最要好的朋友倾吐了自己所有的秘密。
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
- We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
- We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
aux./v.(may的过去式)可能;可以,允许
- It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
- Might I ask a question?我能问个问题吗?
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英语四级