英语语法：184 Is "Got" Proper English?

Guest-writer Bonnie Trenga is going to help us get along with the word “get.” Don’t let others’ use of it get your goat. “Get” is a perfectly 1 normal word. It just happens to have many meanings and is used in many idioms and colloquial 2 expressions, some of which are not accepted.

A reader named Sigrid felt that she should correct herself when she wrote, “Must get your book soon.” She writes, “I almost erased 3 the word ‘get’ and replaced it with ‘purchase,’ but that sounded too formal; however, use of the word ‘get’ would make a great podcast. I’m often changing that word and substituting it for another, frequently some form of the verb ‘to be’ or ‘to have,’ in my clients’ manuscripts.” Sigrid is also wondering about how to use the verb “to get” in the past tense. Let’s get to the bottom of things.

When You Can Use “Get”

The quick answer to Sigrid’s question is that you don’t need to censor 4 yourself when the word “get” crops up, and it’s probably best to stop correcting others unless they use a definitely illegal phrase (more on that later). “‘Get’ is good English” (1). It would be almost impossible to get through a day without saying “get.”

No style guide I checked bans the use of “get.” In fact, most authorities laud 5 how useful the word is. The New Fowler's Modern English Usage provides a list of “natural uses in which it passes virtually unnoticed:

get a job

get my book for me

get rich

get one’s feet wet

flattery will get you nowhere

get going

get the upper hand etc.” (2).

 

A search for “get” on Dictionary.com yields one group of meanings that is 63 items long (3). You can even use “get” instead of “be” in passive constructions if you want to put more emphasis on who did the action. The American Heritage Dictionary compares these two sentences: “The demonstrators were arrested” and “The demonstrators got arrested” (4). In the first sentence, using the verb “to be” implies that the police were the driving force behind the arrest. In the second sentence, using the verb “to get” places more emphasis on the demonstrators themselves.

Tenses of “Get”

Now let’s get to the question of tense. “Get” and “gets” are the present-tense forms of “to get,” as in “She gets mad at herself when she’s late.” The past tense is “got,” as in “She got mad.”

Now comes the tricky 6 part: we have two choices when it comes to the past participle. A past participle is a word like “broken” in this sentence: “She has broken her wrist twice.” If you speak American English, you will use “gotten” as the past participle, as in “He has gotten the same gift three years in a row.” Users of British English, on the other hand, will say “got” (5): “He has got the same gift three years in a row.”

When You Might Choose Another Word Instead of “Get”

As we’ve already said, “get” is normal English, and there’s no need to substitute another word for it. However, if you’re writing a very formal paper, or know that someone in your audience will object to the word “get” for some reason, you can use more formal words such as “receive,” “purchase,” and “obtain.” It’s up to you to decide when to be formal. Sigrid decided 7 correctly that it would sound overly stuffy 8 to write this to a favorite author: “I must purchase your book.”

“Have Got”

Many listeners, including Sigrid, have been wondering if the phrase “have got” is acceptable English. Well, you have got to check out our previous episode on that topic. It’ll tell you that the answer is yes, you can use this expression, though it is considered informal.

Non-Standard Uses

Before we get going, you should get up to speed on which expressions are considered non-standard. Some colloquial or informal uses of “get” and “got” are controversial (6), and you wouldn’t want to write them unless you’re writing a character who speaks slang. For example, it would not be Standard English to say, “You got to try this” if you mean “You must try this” or “You have got to try this.” “You got to try this” would be acceptable only if you mean “You had the opportunity to try this.” Still, you will hear people use “got” in this manner.

Another common use of “got” that is not technically 9 grammatically correct is the advertising 10 slogan “Got milk?” Nevertheless, you’ll still hear takeoffs of this expression. At a recent dentist appointment, I saw a shirt that read “Got braces 11?”

Thus is the unholy power of advertising.

Summary

In this episode, we got friendly with the useful word “get.” You get to use it whenever you want, unless you must conform to formality.

AudiblePodcast.com/gg

Get a free audiobook when you sign up for a free trial at Audiblepodcast.com/gg. This week I recommend The Elegance 12 of the Hedgehog, which has a number of observations about language choices.

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Curious Case of the Misplaced Modifier & The Grammar Devotional

This podcast was written by Bonnie Trenga, author of The Curious Case of the Misplaced Modifier, who blogs at sentencesleuth.blogspot.com, and I'm Mignon Fogarty, the author of The Grammar Devotional, 365 bite-size writing tips, fun quizzes and puzzles, and efficient memory tricks-- The Grammar Devotional.

2010 Follow-Up

Finally, thanks to everyone who posted interesting comments about the pronunciation of years in foreign languages. The short answer is that in most foreign languages speakers pronounce the year in some way that represents the full number such as "nineteen hundred ninety-nine" or "one thousand nine hundred ninety-nine." I was interested to learn that in some Asian languages such as Thai and Mandarin 14 Chinese speakers pronounce each digit 15, so this year would be the equivalent of two-zero-one-zero. Only in a few languages such as Norwegian and Croatian do speakers seem to use a short-cut similar to "twenty-ten."You can read all the comments on last week's transcript 16 over at quickanddirtytips.com. They're really interesting.

Also, the poll results had 542 people voting for the pronunciation "twenty-ten," 367 people voting for "two thousand ten," and 223 people saying they would use both pronunciations. So it looks to me as if twenty-ten is the winner.