英语语法：178 How to Avoid Clichés

Grammar Girl here.

Today’s topic is taking care of clichés.

Guest writer Sal Glynn writes, clichés can be a writer’s worst enemy, and the reader usually doesn’t like clichés much either. Writers from Jonathan Swift to George Orwell have ranted 1 against the cliché like it was the Devil tempting 2 an innocent seminary student (1).

Clichés are the metaphors 3 and turns of phrase that have become tired through overuse (2). All walks of life is a cliché, along with behind the eight ball and cried over spilled milk. When these appear in copy, editors usually reach for a blue pencil or red pen and ask the writer to come up with something better.

The word cliché began as a nineteenth-century French term for a stereotype 4 printing plate made from metal type. Books in high demand were printed from the plates until the plates wore out, just like a cliché is used until the energy of its first appearance is lost.

 

Where Clichés Come From

 

Writers never intend for a phrase they've composed to be used until it is hackneyed. The book of proverbs published by the English playwright 5 John Heywood in the 1500s contains many sayings that were considered smart and original, only to have slouched into the twenty-first century as clichés. Some of his more memorable 6 lines include better late than never and this hitteth the nail on the head.

 

Clichés happen through no fault of the original author and tend to be perpetuated 7 by writers of lesser 8 skill. You can admire the creator of every cloud has a silver lining 9, but coming up with something of your own will please readers more.

 

The Old Gets New and Old Again

 

Clichés can also be built on other clichés to become new but  just as tiresome 10. Pass the buck 11 is a nineteenth-century poker 12 expression that crept into everyday speech. A knife with a buckhorn handle was used as a marker to show who was next to deal. If the player turned down the position, he passed the "buck" to the next player.

 

President Harry 13 S. Truman turned the phrase and used the buck stops here to signal not that he was the next dealer 14, but that the decisions made by his administration were his responsibility alone.

 

He had a desk sign made in the Federal Reformatory at El Reno, Oklahoma in 1945 with the saying the buck stops here, and soon the phrase was popularized into meaninglessness. I'm From Missouri, which was on the reverse side, was fortunate to escape this fate.

 

Aged 15 and on the Way Clichés

 

Many clichés are also terribly out of date. For example, lock, stock, and barrel first appeared in the letters of Sir Walter Scott in 1817, and refers to the pieces of a musket 16. The lock is the firing mechanism 17, the stock is the wooden butt 18, and the barrel is the long piece from which the bullets come out. There is no reason to use this saying today except in period fiction.

 

The same goes for sell like hot cakes. It's not a reference to a hearty 19 breakfast, but instead to early-American cornmeal cakes cooked in pork fat or bear grease and sold at fairs and church benefits.

 

Back in the day is a newcomer to clichés. It's only been around since 1997 (1)* and some claim that it's still fresh enough to be used. But the rule still applied 20: when everyone else is using a phrase or expression, make sure you don’t.

 

How to Handle Clichés

 

Clichés often appear in early drafts when you're trying to keep the writing going but you've run out of words to describe an action, event, or person. That's fine, but it's a good reason to do successive drafts--no one gets it right the first time. Read through your article or story with the meanest critic’s eye. Do not be afraid to hurt your own feelings. Delete anything that might resemble a cliché and replace it with words of your own.

 

Several online sources are available for those who want to purge 21 their writing of cliché monsters. Check the links in the reference section of the transcript 22 for this podcast at quickanddirtytips.com.

 

Striking Back at Clichés

 

One way to strike against the trite 23 and the tedious is by using the anti-cliché.

 

A really dumb cliché like what goes around comes around deserves to be mistreated. The anti-cliché is a cliché that is twisted into a different shape, but is still recognizable. For example, you could take what goes around comes around and change what comes around to probably should, to make what goes around probably should. The meaning is significantly changed, but it is better to be thought of as cantankerous 24 than as a bad writer.

 

Good writers avoid clichés wherever they might lurk 25. Novelist and essayist Martin Amis said, “All writing is a campaign against cliché. Not just clichés of the pen but clichés of the mind and clichés of the heart (3).”

 

Now that you understand clichés, remember--the quick and dirty tip is get rid of them.

Administrative 26

The Dog Walked Down the Street: An Outspoken 27 Guide for Writers Who Want to Publish

Thanks again to guest-writer Sal Glynn the author of the award-winning book The Dog Walked Down the Street, An Outspoken Guide for Writers Who Want to Publish. Find out more about Sal at his blog......

Finally, thanks to everyone who has already bought my new book, Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing . Last week it made the New York Times best-seller list, and I couldn't be more excited. Thank you for all your support.

That's all. Thanks for listening.