时间:2018-11-29 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   许多考生在面对翻译的辅导讲解时,希望能够对于考研的考点即相关考研大纲词汇的解读有更多更加具体的内容增加。专家截取一小段翻译文章进行讲解,增加了知识点解读中对于相关词汇和用法的针对性。


  【汉语原文】
  历史记载表明,到16世纪时,中国人已经发明了纸,并且传入了欧洲,使欧洲大感惊奇。
  【不好的译文】
  Historical records indicate by 16th century the Chinese had already invented paper and spread to Europe, making the Europeans greatly amazed at this new invention.
  【详细解析】
  1.英语indicate后面原来应该有一个that引导宾语从句,这个that在这里被省略了。省略带宾语从句的that,是常见的,但在这里却不好省略,因为省略后有可能不清楚短语by the 16th century究竟是属于主句里面还是属于从句里面,所以应该予以保留。另外,indicate属于考研词汇中复现率较高的词汇,除了以上介绍的基本用法外,另外其派生抽象名词为indication,意思是迹象、指示、象征、指出。另一个派生的具体名词为indicator,泛指所有可以作为指示器使用的器具,诸如汽车的转向灯、手机的充电指示灯,甚至是不需要耗电的一个指示标牌都可以是indicator。更加复杂一个派生词非indicative莫属,这个词除了能够表示从动词和名词延伸过来的诸如“迹象的”、“指示的”以外,还可以表达一个语法概念“陈述的、直陈的”。例如indicative mood就是“陈述语气”,而所谓“直陈的”,并非英语语法概念,而是法语概念,大家不必了解太多。
  2.短语by the 16th century里应该有一个冠词the,这是因为序数词如16th一般是要带定冠词的。
  3.indicate和show可以考虑互换,两个都行。
  4.“传入欧洲”翻译成spread to Europe是不好的,因为spread是指比较大规模的传播,用这里并不恰当。这里的“传入”事实上是指由一些人带进去,所以不妨译为had it brought to Europe。注意:had it brought to ...含有不由句子的主语“中国人”自己带的意思,而偏重于由别人带,所以比较适合用在这里表示不明确手段的“传入”(按英语语法结构来说,如果是The Chinese had brought it to...那就是中国人自己带)。其中要记住的还有spread的不规则动词变化形式,它是属于A-A-A式,即原形-过去式-过去分词分别为:spread-spread-spread.
  5.至于making the Europeans greatly amazed at this new invention里,有对汉语原文作了引申的地方,加入了at this new invention这些词。估计翻译的人所以要加入这些词,首先是想这样做可以说得更清楚些,同时也考虑到amazed通常要和at...连用。可事实上,翻译技巧里所说的“加词”,是指在必要时才加。而在本文中,就原文意义来说,并没有必要加。至于amazed和at...的连用问题,我们不妨把结构改一改,以避开这个问题,比如把结构改为causing great amazement 1 among the Europeans就很好。
  6.在这里amazement可以改为surprise或astonishment会不会更加合适呢?surprise可以用,但astonishment词义太强,内含一种让人目瞪口呆的含义,惊有余而喜不足,不如amazement或surprise好。
  【更好的译文】
  Historical records indicate that by the 16th century the Chinese had already invented paper and had it brought to Europe, causing great amazement among the Europeans.

1 amazement
n.惊奇,惊讶
  • All those around him looked at him with amazement.周围的人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。
  • He looked at me in blank amazement.他带着迷茫惊诧的神情望着我。
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