时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   【编者按】被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。让我们一起来学习一下吧!


  被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多,在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时,多用被动语态。
  一、主动和被动语态的对比:
  二、翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that... 据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人相信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:"认为"、"相比"和"掌握"。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是"It+被动语态+that"形式的处理,译为"很多人认为"。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为"普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比"。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为"认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握"。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
-propelled
alae cerebelli
antennal neuron
apex
arithmetic primary
ballistic fingerprintings
battery supply circuit
big-enchilada
billet rolling
bingstuff
biological fixation
blaze a way
Borrmann method
cantbailine
carved wooden screen
cast iron ram
celluloytic
chearing
chylific
codeword
cold war era
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condensings
cumulative indexes
cystomatous chondroma
decrunch
Delivery options
disco-bar
dynamic indication
early maturing breed
electric revolution indicator
electrohypersensitivity
electroslag melting process
Euro fund
ferrite-rod memory
field inductance
fin-de-siecle
fitting in with
flywheel energy storage system
frequent-flier mile
fsn
Galbulin
generalized uniserial algebra
glennons
growth movement
heptachromia
horizontal wheel assembly
inbound pass
inhooped
ire (institute of radio engineers)
jacket pipe
Kobashigawa
laringoscopy
Laurbjerg
lean gas
Maddenia incisoserrata
marry me
microsurgery instruments set
milking stage
mirror-smooth
mold venting
Neill-Dingwall syndrome
net adjustment
nierembergias
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non-linear programming
ochsner
one sided love
open system interconnection layer
Orawia
orders per second
petrels
photometric analyzer
point of increase
Pop up the history list
powder rubber
prescouring agent
primary sodium
punching device
qualify sb's claim
Red Bank
red mud
Reed City
restrained line
scientific imperialism
secessions
sectorial
seizuring load
short salvo
sixth-year molar
splitting principle
spondylo-
swellelegous
symmetric monocephalus
Taxillus parasiticus
terrazzoes
thermal transfer fax
uneven foxing laying
unstealthily
virtual terminal access method
wave memorizer