时间:2019-03-06 作者:英语课 分类:英语PK台


英语课

   现在完成进行时


  现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去。(与since, for连用时,要用连续性动词,不可用瞬间动词,但连续性动词常常表示动作会进行下去)
  基本结构:主语+助动词(have/has)+been+doing+其他成分
  更多构成:I / we / you / they have been + 动词的现在分词;He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
  现在完成进行时的用法
  1.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。
  例句:
  The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
  中国有2000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
  I have been learning English since three years ago.
  三年以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去)
  2.表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
  例句:
  We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
  我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到,还会继续等)
  3.表示持续一直做下去的状态:
  例句:
  They have been living in this city for ten years.
  他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。(动作还将继续下去)
  I have been working here for five years.
  我在这里已经工作五年了。(动作还将继续下去)
  I have been writing a book.
  我一直在写一本书。(动作还将继续下去)
  They have been building a bridge.
  他们一直在造一座桥。(动作还将继续下去)
  4.表示现在以前一直在进行的动作强调动作的未完成性
  例句:
  It has been raining for 3 days。
  已经下了3天的雨了(现在还没停止)
  5.注意:表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
  例句:
  I have known him for years.
  我认识他已经好几年了。
  错误:I have been knowing...
  这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌,think想,等等。
  现在完成进行时与现在完成时的比较
  1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。
  例句:
  (a)We have been cleaning the classroom.
  (b)We have cleaned the classroom.
  (a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰。
  (b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”
  其结果是:现在教室很清洁,可以用了。
  (a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过,
  (b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。
  例句:
  (a)Be careful! John has been painting the door.
  (b)John has painted the door.
  (a)句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过,现在油漆还未干,所以你要小心。
  (b)句则无此含义,油漆可能已干了。
  2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。
  例句:
  (a)They have been widening the road.
  (b)They have widened the road.
  (a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路,但尚未完工。
  (b)句的意思则是已完工了。
  3)但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质,如:
  例句:
  (a)My mother has been teaching English for twenty years.
  (b)My mother has taught English for twenty years.
  (a)句在此并无临时性质,但较口语化。
  (b)句则较为正式。
  (a)句表示动作现在仍在继续.并将延续下去,
  (b)句的动作是否延续下去,须由上下文决定,但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。
  4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:
  例句:
  (a)Have you been meeting her lately?
  (b)Have you met her lately?
  (a)句有“经常相会”之意,
  (b)句则没有。
  (5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。
  例句:
  (a)What have you been doing?
  (b)What have you done?
  (a)句表示惊异。
  (b)句只是一个问题。
  (a)Have you been waiting long?
  (b)Have you waited long?
  (a)句较(b)句生动。
  (a)句比较口语化。
  例句:
  (a)I have been wanting to meet you for long.
  (b)I have long wanted to meet you.
  (a)句比(b)句更亲切,更有礼貌。
  例句:
  (a)Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.
  (b)Recently Mary has done her work regularly.
  (a)句显然是在表扬玛丽。
  (b)只说明一个事实。

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