时间:2019-02-16 作者:英语课 分类:求职英语


英语课

   几十年来,尽管非性别歧视语还没有达到非用不可的程度,但它毕竟已进入日常生活当中。随便翻开一张英美的报纸,或看一眼五花八门的宣传广告,就会发现supervisor(工头,领班)替代了原来的foreman,sales rep,sales associate或seller(推销员)取代了常用词salesman,等等。那么在日常的英语公文写作当中,我们又该如何避免产生性别歧视呢?牢记下面几点,确保你不犯错哦!


  1. 尽量不要用通性代词he,除了明确地指代一个男性人物时,都要设法避免使用这个词。可以根据语境需要,选用下列替换方式:
  1)采用复数形式。
  Sexist: When bathing a baby, never leave him unattended.
  Revised: When bathing babies, never leave them unattended.
  给婴儿洗澡时,一定要时刻在他们旁边照管。
  2)用we/us/our改写原句。
  Sexist: From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.
  Revised: From each of us according to our abilities, to each of us according to our needs.
  各尽所能,按需分配。
  3)改用第二人称。
  Sexist: No man knows his true character until he has run out of gas, purchased something on an installment 1 plan and raised an adolescent.
  Revised: You don't know what your true character is until you have run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent.
  只有当汽车没油、分期付款购物和抚养青春期的孩子时,人的本来品性才会显露出来。
  4)改用被动语态。
  Sexist: One who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both.
  Revised: One who, when given the choice of two evils, chooses both.
  当面对两种罪恶要做出选择的时候就两个都选。
  5)完全省略代词。
  Sexist: What does a person thinks of after he becomes a deportee?
  Revised: What does a person thinks of after becoming a deportee?
  一个人被驱逐之后会作何感想呢?
  6)用冠词替代。
  Sexist: Can a critic give his opinion of...?
  Revised: Can a critic give an opinion of...?
  评论家能评论...吗?
  7)用someone,one,the one,no one等替代。
  Sexist: He who can take advice is sometimes superior to he who can give it.
  Revised: Someone who can take advice is sometimes superior to the one who can give it.
  接受忠告者有时胜过发出忠告者。
  8)使用he and she或his and her,但使用的次数不宜太多。she/he仅可用于备忘录(memos)、便条(notes),或者非正式的交谈之中。
  9)用名词或上下文中用过的同义词替换。
  Sexist: To find a friend one must close one eye - to keep him, two.
  Revised: To find a friend, one must close one eye - to keep one, two.
  想找朋友,就得睁一只眼,闭一只眼;想留住朋友,就得双眼都闭上。
  2. 尽量使用那些包括两性在内的词,即无性别之分的词(gender-free words)。
  例如:child,teacher,officer(警官),people,worker,immigrant(移民),voter(投票者,选民),coach(教练),church member(教友),sales rep(推销员),grand parent(外/祖父或祖母),leader,evening student,employee (雇员),test taker (考生,应试者),engineer,customers(顾客),dealer(交易者,商人),clerk(职员,办事员),civilian(平民),scientist,operator(接线员,办事员),patriot(爱国者),person,planner(策划者,计划者),politician(政客),producer(生产者、制造者),tutor(家庭教师,导师),reporter,writer,chief executive(首席行政长官),everybody,expert等。
  3. 写信时,如果不知道收信人的性别,最好不要使用传统的Dear Sir和Dear Madam。可以选用下列之一:
  1) Dear Friends of the Library(亲爱的图书馆的朋友们)
  2)Dear Sir/Madam, (亲爱的女士们及先生们)
  3) Dear Personnel Officer(亲爱的人事处长)
  4)Dear Committee Member(亲爱的委员)
  5)Dear Citizen(亲爱的公民)
  6)Dear Customer(亲爱的顾客)
  7) Dear Councilor(亲爱的参议员/顾问)
  8)Dear Agent(亲爱的代理)
  9)Dear Director(亲爱的厂长/局长/主任)
  10) To Whom it May Concern(致有关人士)

n.(instalment)分期付款;(连载的)一期
  • I shall soon pay the last installment of my debt.不久我将偿付我的最后一期债款。
  • He likes to buy things on the installment plan.他喜欢用分期付款法购买货物。
标签: 写作
学英语单词
0719
5-FUR
a.c.l.u
accounting data
alternating current selection
antapoplectic
balcony arrangement
balloon clocks
bathchairs
Black Lick
breadth first analysis
cacalia aconitifolia bge
cathode tuning indication
clamp type end fitting
conceptual schemes
conus obscurus
counterrevolution
cozies up
crore
depoliticalized
dictyoporthe cinnamomi
direct-fired mill
draw-out type
drinking trough
electron-beam pumped semicon-ductor laser
freedom of navigation
Gregory XIII
half-point transfer
he-huckleberry
heat-content volume chart
hungers
hypocycloidal
hypophysoma
Immelmanns
Impatiens weihsiensis
inguinocrural hernia
inside-the-Beltway
international smalltalk association
inworks
ion optics
iours
isoacids
jelose
julian the apostates
label assignment statement
lanthanum orthophosphate
ligroins
linear receiver
lulah
make a suggestion
manyways
medical witness
Micrococcus glutamicus
moist infusion
mold lining
monotonic structure
nonglaucomatous
number of decks
one-to-one hypothesis
open phase operation
orlov
pericystitis
persisters
physemarian
portable thermal aerosol sprayer
preorbital canal
purchase at interim date
puzzle about
quick-freezed
record control word
reference to an element of structure
Rehmsdorf
reserve-team
revving
RMSE (root-mean-square error)
rotor field spider
Saint Francis River
satellite orbit data
Save/Update
self-provided foreign exchange
side-boards
soil effective stress
space navigation system
standard instruction memonic
stock ahead
stoon
sulcus limitans ventriculorum
take something to trust
telenomus abnormis
tent line
Timbiras
trollbird
ubaldo
under-compensated meter
UPGMA
upset operation
variant-of
wagonmasters
Weberians
woodsum
zamaria
zvonko