时间:2019-02-14 作者:英语课 分类:阅读空间


英语课

 在讲解被动态的适用范围之前,我们先来复习一下被动态的结构:be+done,即be动词体现时态再加上被执行动作的过去分词。现在,小编分别举一个主动句和一个被动句,你们感受一下主动句和被动句的差别。


被动
France beat Brazil in the final. [active]
在总决赛中,法国打败了巴西。(主动态)
Brazil was beaten by France in the final. [passive]
在总决赛中巴西被法国打败了。(被动态)
解析:这两个句子传递的信息是完全不一样的。第一句中,主语France执行动作beat,第二句里,上句中的宾语Brazil变成了被动态的主语,而上句中的主语France则需要通过by来引导,甚至可以省略为:
Brazil were beaten in the final.
巴西在总决赛中被打败。
被动语态适用的几种情况
(注:由于中英差异,英文的被动态不一定需要用中文体现。)
(1)动作的执行者不明
The dress was stolen from the hotel room.
裙子在酒店里被偷走了。
Bring the pesticide 1 material in for identification and disposal if the label has been removed from its container.
如果盛农药的容器上的标签已不见,则需要鉴定该农药,并适当处理。
(2)如果动作的执行者不重要
All her life she had been told that she was beautiful.
一生中,别人都告诉她,她很美。
(3)如果上文已经出现了动作执行者
They were shooting everybody. I felt a pain in my shoulder and a man told me I was hit.
他们在扫射每一个人。我感觉肩膀一疼,有人告诉我我被射到了。
(4)如果动作执行者可以通过上下文判断
He speaks of the case of a young student who is being treated for depression.
他说的是那个正接受抑郁症治疗的年轻学生。
(5)如果动作执行者是泛指的人
Adult beetles 2 can be obtained from several sources. 
人们可以通过各种方式获得成年甲虫。
(6)如果出于策略或政治问题不能提及动作执行者
I don’t oppose all wars. My grandfather signed up for a war the day after Pearl Harbour was bombed.
我不反对战争,我的祖父在珍珠港被轰炸后第二天签署了发动战争的协议。
(7)如果你想要发表一种看法而不想提及这是谁的看法,通常可以使用allege, announce, claim这类表示“宣布,宣称”的词的被动态形式
It has been alleged 3 that some officers in the City Police Force accepted bribes 4.
据称,市警察局的某些官员接受了贿赂。
Some officers in the City Police Force are alleged to have accepted bribes.
据称,市警察局的某些官员接受了贿赂。
看了这么多种被动态的用法,可不要觉得被动态放之四海而皆准,如果出现下面的情况,还是不要用被动态为好。让我们举两个对比句为例。
第一组:Mistakes have been made. [被动态]和We have made mistakes. [主动态]。
由于评判他人的过失,第一种用法是合适的,即使用在外交场合也是合理的。但是如果是用于承认自己的错误则有一种轻描淡写的意味。
第二组:Delays have been tackled effectively by the team[被动态]和The team has tackled delays effectively[主动态]。
如果要说如上句这样值得表扬的事,主动态体现动作执行者的功劳,含有夸耀的口吻。

n.杀虫剂,农药
  • The pesticide was spread over the vegetable plot.菜田里撒上了农药。
  • This pesticide is diluted with water and applied directly to the fields.这种杀虫剂用水稀释后直接施用在田里。
n.甲虫( beetle的名词复数 )
  • Beetles bury pellets of dung and lay their eggs within them. 甲壳虫把粪粒埋起来,然后在里面产卵。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This kind of beetles have hard shell. 这类甲虫有坚硬的外壳。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
a.被指控的,嫌疑的
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为
n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏
标签: 老外
学英语单词
Act of Providence
aerolithology
alternate crop
arteriolohyalinosis
asphalt storage melting and heating units
ataxic speech
baked fish
balance wire
balsam spruce
best of all possible worlds
bewilderingly
board card
bonus compensation system
bowiers mustard
Calomeas
centralized degassing system
champsosaurid
Clinopodium omeiense
clubtooth escape wheel
codeword
confederate jasmines
courches
covet
dark igniter
demetaphorize
deposit grade
design-for-test
diopsidite
drawn in
drift alarm
Durck's nodes
early blight of eggplant
electronic robot
engine-driven supercharged diesel engine
fitting-rooms
force majeure clause
form value
free phenol
fuel fabrication cost(s)
furzes
glass steel tube
gluconeogenetic
Gomberg, Moses
granophyre
Great Scott !
high seas
hirdman
impedance noise
iodonium base
leane
Lipomyelomeningocele
low-stringencies
luminosity-changing switch
lythcott
made sure of
Manglietiastrum
metastable steam
mixing vane
monkey wheel
MPU (microprocessor unit)
myelopathic muscular atrophy
neutral cargo
nigrate
non-poisonous material
noncreativity
nonzero algebraic number
nut problem
ocean bottom topographic meter
on-axis engineering constant
painkilling
part-whole
Pentraeth
preseason
printable character
Propilbromina
propyleneglycol monobutyl ether
proto-presbyter
protostomatous
Rosa lucidissima
Rosenmmuller's organ
Saint Petersburg porcelain
seed colter
shibh
side conductor rail
solar dryer
solenogasters
sort-merge file
spectral luminosity classification
stable vice
structural shape factor of wind load
submolecular plexus
sum signal
tank type circuit breaker
tempus edax rerum
tepache
thread guide
thrust imbrication
trot-line boat
USBLS
walking over
wavy laminar flow
whurle