时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍使用,但大多数句子都使用主动语态,在英语中极为重要。考研 中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。


  主动和被动语态的对比:
  /主动语态被动语态
  一般现在时①is\am\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V. p.p)
  一般将来时will\be going to\be (about)to+do(V。)will+be+done(V. p.p)
  一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V. p.p)
  现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+doing+done(V. p.p)
  过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+doing+done(V.p.p)
  现在完成时have\has+done(V. p.p。)have\has+been+done(V. p.p)
  过去完成时had+done(V. p.p。)had+been+done(V. p.p。)
  情态动词情态动词+V。情态动词+be+done(V. p.p。)
  过去将来时would/should +V。would/should be + done(V. p.p。)
  翻译时有以下几种翻译方法:
  ①译成汉语被动句:使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所”等词。
  ②增加主语,即动作的实际发出者,或虚拟发出者。
  ③译成汉语无主句
  另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法,需要平时积累,比如:
  It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
  It is assumed 1 that... 假设……,假定……
  It is claimed that...  据说……,有人主张……
  It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
  It is reported that... 据报道……,据通报……
  It is considered that... 人们认为……,据估计……
  It is said that... 据说……,有人说……
  【真题例句】
  It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training。
  【解析】
  It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training。
  主句:it is imagined,其中it为形式主语,而that引导的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句,为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined,be compared和be required,译成汉语都变成了主动表达:“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为:
  (1)It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理,译为“很多人认为”。
  (2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法,并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比”。
  (3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法,译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。
  【参考译文】
  许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程(科学家的思维过程)相比,认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。

标签: 考研英语
学英语单词
acoustic hair cell
adsorptionally
aerobic oxidase
air atomization
Alsiron
amplitude-quantizing
aniline colour
approach wall
avoirdupois units
benzene series
biliveride acid
blew off some steam
Braille, Louis
Cestodouve
compromise recording
cover cost
Cross Plains
cross-axis fracture
crosslinked acrylic copolymer
dercetina azumai
difostilben
djohar
drafting dynamics
dropout factories
economic output
emolument
enterprises in underdeveloped industries
everybody eating from the same big pot
facies occlusalis
fail-safe equipment
flat display tube
foundation load
Frenkel exciton
fuel oil pipe
genus anacardiums
geostationary communication satellite
glass level gauge
gnarliest
gotterdammerungs
grain bottom auger
gringe
H.Q.
hamamelidin
harmonicas
heal all
Hertzian waves
heteropolymerization
heteropriacanthus cruentatus
ice chests
integral bracket
interrogation of witness
jam nut lock
ketone musk
lacoste seagravimeter
local group
modal composition
Nelaton's operation
neuro-humoral mechanism
new economic policy
one flesh
opaque projecting
optical orbital rendezvous apparatus
ovigerous cords
oysterish
paleosurface
paraesthesiae
polygamists
polyhedra
proper equation
PRT (program reference table)
route selection network
safe wet mass
sand wedge
scanned-laser
school architecture
sciadopitene
selfinflating
serum accelerin
set of upper bounds
shield wire
shiny bramble
social jetlag
space of decisions
spg
St. Paul
star-producing radiation
Stembreak
stfnist
stipa sibirica
stobilating
system event notification
tangentor
target space
thermoluminescent dosemeter
trigonometrical substitution
tuck-mill
undershred
unidoes
us mm
Vetus Latina
Wiggers-Dean methods
windlown tree