Exercise 8-3: Bit or Beat? We've discussed intonation in terms of new information, contrast, opinion, and negatives. As you heard on p. 3, Americans tend to stretch out certain one-syllable words but which ones? The answer is simple when a single syl

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Exercise 8-7: Reduction options In the following example, you will see how you can fully sound out a word ( such as 'to' ) , reduce it slightly, or do away with it altogether. 1. ... easier t(w)nderstand. 2. ... easier t(w)nderstand. 3. ... easier t

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Exercise 8-6: The middle l list The letter l in the unstressed position devolves consistently into a schwa. Repeat. Ability Accident Accountability Activity Adversity American Analytical Animal Applicant Application Article Astronomical Audible Audit

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Exercise 8-5: tense and lax vowel exercise Let's practice tense and lax vowels in context. The intonation is marked for you. When in doubt, try to leave out the lax vowel rather than run the risk of overpronouncing it: lip instead of lip, so it doesn

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Exercise 8-4: Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead? Read each column down. Next, contrast the single and double tense vowels with each other; and the single and double lax vowels with each other. Finally read all four across. Tense Vowels beat seat heat Pete fee

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Exercise 8-2: Lax Vowels The lax vowels areproduced in the throat and are actually quite similarto each other. Let's practice some lax vowels. See also Chapter 11 to contrast with tense vowels. Remember to double the vowel when the word endsin a voic

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Exercise 8-1 : Comparing and Look at the chart that follows and repeat each word. We are contrasting the sound first column a strong, nonreducible sound, ooh, that is made far forward in the mouth, with the lips fully rounded with the reduced sound i

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Chapter 8 More Reduced Sounds There are two sounds that look similar, but sound quite different. One is the tense vowel , pronounced ooh, and the other is the soft vowel , whose pronunciation is a combination of ih and uh. The sound is located far fo

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Exercise 7-3: Tongue Twisters Feeling confident? Good! Try the following tongue twisters and have some fun. 1. The sixth sick Sheik's sixth thick sheep. 2. This is a zither. Is this a zither? 3. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't t

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Exercise 7-2: Targeting The TH Sound In order to target the TH sound, first, hold a mirror in front of you and read our familiar paragraph silently, moving only your tongue. It should be visible in the mirror each time you come to a TH. Second, find

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