高中英语牛津版高三上学期CHAPTER FOUR

00:-1.00]The Body Shop
[00:-2.00]The cosmetics 2 industry is involved in selling dreams.
[00:-3.00]It promises to make you younger and more beautiful.
[00:-4.00]It promises that all your dreams will come true
[00:-5.00]if you use a certain type of shampoo or face cream.
[00:-6.00]These dreams are sold to customers
[00:-7.00]by persuasive 3 and expensive advertising 4 campaigns.
[00:-8.00]Pictures of youthful girls are used to sell anti-ageing creams
[00:-9.00]to fifty-year-old women.
[00:10.00]The products are presented in carefully designed packaging,
[00:11.00]which itself may double the product's cost.
[00:12.00]The cosmetics industry wants to be sure that the products are not harmful.
[00:13.00]It does not want a customer to be poisoned by a lipstick,
[00:14.00]or blinded by a new type of eye make-up.
[00:15.00]If a product causes harm,
[00:16.00]the customer is likely to sue the company for millions of dollars.
[00:17.00]To avoid this,many cosmetic 1 products are tested on animals
[00:18.00]to ensure that they are harmless.
[00:19.00]In some countries,
[00:20.00]the government actually orders the producers to test their products on animals.
[00:21.00]These painful tests include force-feeding,injections,
[00:22.00]applying the product to the skin
[00:23.00]or dripping it into the eyes of the helpless animals.
[00:24.00]The customers,of course,
[00:25.00]are not permitted to see this side of the business.
[00:26.00]In this way,selling safe products with beautiful packaging,
[00:27.00]and backed by powerful advertising the cosmetics industry pursues its single aim,
[00:28.00]which is to make money.
[00:29.00]And then came The Body Shop.
[00:30.00]In 1976 an amazing,unconventional woman called Anita Roddick
[00:31.00]decided 5 to open a small shop in England.
[00:32.00]She ignored all the accepted principles of the cosmetics industry.
[00:33.00]And yet her shop prospered 6 from day one.
[00:34.00]The Body Shop now has over 700 shops worldwide
[00:35.00]and her company has revolutionized the industry.
[00:36.00]Anita wanted to sell simple,natural products for the skin and hair.
[00:37.00]She thought it was immoral
[00:38.00]to make false promises about the qualities of her cosmetics,
[00:39.00]and so she explained the qualities(and limitations)of each products
[00:40.00]in simple,truthful language.
[00:41.00]She banned images of beautiful women in her shops,
[00:42.00]and promoted 'health' not 'beauty'.
[00:43.00]She thought that cosmetics should not be tested on animals
[00:44.00]and so she refused to sell such products.
[00:45.00]The Body Shop has campaigned against animal testing,
[00:46.00]and funded research into alternative ways of testing that new products are safe.
[00:47.00]She thought that packaging was unimportant.
[00:48.00]When some customers asked if they could refill their old bottles,she let them.
[00:49.00]This led to a refilling and recycling service
[00:50.00]which is unique in the cosmetics industry.
[00:51.00]In every shop,there is a 'Refill Bar'
[00:52.00]at which customers are allowed to refill their old bottles,thus saving waste.
[00:53.00]It is remarkable
[00:54.00]that The Body Shop has become a truly global business
[00:55.00]without ever spending any money on advertising.
[00:56.00]At first Anita attracted wide publicity 7 by explaining her views
[00:57.00]and later by holding pro-environment campaigns.
[00:58.00]These helped the causes which she supported,and also publicized The Body Shop.
[00:59.00]All staff  are encouraged to take part in local campaigns,
[-1:00.00]and to believe that profits,although important,are not the only aim of a business.
[-1:-1.00]INTEGRATED SKILLS page 67
[-1:-2.00]Exam tasks Task one
[-1:-3.00]Listen to the recording 8 and complete the outline.
[-1:-4.00]A:Good afternoon and welcome to Small Beginnings.
[-1:-5.00]The programme in which we talk to top people in business
[-1:-6.00]and find out about how they got started.
[-1:-7.00]Today's guest is Roland Li,
[-1:-8.00]the founder 9 and managing director of the Friendly Chemist Chen, [-1:-9.00]which now has over 100 shops throughout the world.
[-1:10.00]Roland welcome to the programme.
[-1:11.00]B:Thank you,Lucy.
[-1:12.00]A:So,going right back to the beginning.
[-1:13.00]How did it all start for you.I believe your father had a chemist shop,too.
[-1:14.00]B:Yes,that's right.My parents came to Manchester in 1960 when I was ten.
[-1:15.00]At first,they worked in a fast food trade
[-1:16.00]but later,my father started a traditional Chinese medicine Shop.
[-1:17.00]There're a lot of Chinese people in Manchester,so he was quite successful.
[-1:18.00]A:Did your parents want you to join them in that business?
[-1:19.00]B:No.They wanted me to go to university I studied biochemistry[-1:20.00]And then after that I got a job in America as a research scientist,
[-1:21.00]working for a big drug's company,
[-1:22.00]But I find that some of my work involved testing medicines on animals
[-1:23.00]and I didn't like that because I'm very fond of animals.
[-1:24.00]After a couple of years,I couldn't stand it any more,and so I left.
[-1:25.00]A:And was that when you decided to open your first shop?
[-1:26.00]B:Oh,no.I just drifted around for several years.
[-1:27.00]I had lots of strange jobs.
[-1:28.00]I worked for a while as a laboratory assistant in a university
[-1:29.00]and I did some teaching.
[-1:30.00]I worked in a supermarket and even as a taxi driver,and then I got married.
[-1:31.00]A:What did your parents think of all these,Roland?
[-1:32.00]B:Well,they were rather disappointed.
[-1:33.00]They wanted me to be a big success but I was just going around in circles.
[-1:34.00]And they weren't very pleased when I married Jane.
[-1:35.00]Anyway,it was Jane who had the first idea for the Friendly Chemist really.
[-1:36.00]One day we were talking about my time in America,
[-1:37.00]and I was telling her about when I had to do those experiments on animals.
[-1:38.00]We realized that when you go into a chemists to buy some medicine,
[-1:39.00]you don't know whether or not it has been tested on animals you just don't know.
[-1:40.00]So then Jane suggested it will be a good idea if there was a chemist's shop
[-1:41.00]where you could go in and you could be sure
[-1:42.00]that none of the medicines had been tested on animals.
[-1:43.00]A:So that was the start of it?
[-1:44.00]B:Yes,we decided to start such a business ourselves
[-1:45.00]I had to do a lot of research about the different medicines.
[-1:46.00]But after a few months we had enough products to start the shop,
[-1:47.00]some were western medicines,
[-1:48.00]but we also included some traditional Chinese medicines
[-1:49.00]but we had two main principles for every product nothing was tested on animals,
[-1:50.00]and nothing was made from animal products
[-1:51.00]And a few years later,we added a third principle
[-1:52.00]None of our products could come from rare or endangered plants.
[-1:53.00]A:So,when and where did you actually open your first shop?
[-1:54.00]B:On...that was back in 1980,Lucy,in Manchester.
[-1:55.00]A:And was it successful immediately?
[-1:56.00]B:Yes,it was.We were very surprised in fact,
[-1:57.00]but it seems that lots of people care about the animals
[-1:58.00]and they were pleased to choose a medicine from our shop,
[-1:59.00]so we were quite busy form the first week.
[-2:00.00]One year later,we opened our second shop in London,and it just grew from there.
[-2:-1.00]Speaking pages 74 and 75
[-2:-2.00]A Saying numbers and dates
[-2:-3.00]Long numbers
[-2:-4.00]In long numbers,put and between the hundreds and tens.
[-2:-5.00]3,458 three thousand,four hundred and fifty-eight
[-2:-6.00]In reading a long number,the usual intonation 10 pattern
[-2:-7.00]is that your voice goes up before the commas,and down at the end.
[-2:-8.00]3,550,640:three million,five hundred and fifty thousand,six hundred and forty
[-2:-9.00]Decimals We say point and then each number separately.
[-2:10.00]6.725 six point seven two five
[-2:11.00]22.22 twenty-two point two two
[-2:12.00]10.005 ten point zero zero five
[-2:13.00]Percentages
[-2:14.00]We read percentages as per cent. [-2:15.00]27% twenty-seven per cent
[-2:16.00]8.25% eight point two five per cent
[-2:17.00]Money
[-2:18.00]We say the name of the currency after the numbers.
[-2:19.00]5,000,000: five million yuan
[-2:20.00]US$27,000 twenty-seven thousand US dollars
[-2:21.00]39,000,000 thirty-nine million pounds
[-2:22.00]Dates
[-2:23.00]We often write 4th May but we say the fourth of May.
[-2:24.00]Remember to pronounce the th sound clearly at the end of words
[-2:25.00]such as fifth,tenth and twenty-sixth.
[-2:26.00]the eleventh of December,nineteen ninety-three
[-2:27.00]Exercise A2
[-2:28.00]1.Worldwide,about 70,000,000 animals are killed each year for their fur
[-2:29.00]2.Tests on nine owl 11 monkeys in the United States may lead to a cure for malaria,
[-2:30.00]which kills an estimated 1,200,000 children in Africa every year.
[-2:31.00]3.The first Body Shop opened on 27th March 1976.
[-2:32.00]The first day's sales were 130 pounds.
[-2:33.00]The trading profit in the six months up to 31st August 1991 was 10,480,000 pounds.
[-2:34.00]There were then 658 shops,
[-2:35.00]and a customer walked into a shop somewhere in the world every 0.7 seconds.
[-2:36.00]4.Ladies and gentlemen,I am pleased to report that last year our company,
[-2:37.00]Lucky Pet Food Limited,made a profit of US$629,051.
[-2:38.00]This was an increase of 37.89% compared with the previous years[-2:39.00]We sold 37,850,000 packets of dog biscuits,
[-2:40.00]compared with 29,050,000 packets last year.
[-2:41.00]Dog biscuits account for 48.84% of all sales.
[-2:42.00]MORE LANGUAGE INPUT(4)  pages 79 and 80
[-2:43.00]A Reading
[-2:44.00]Merits and Demerits of Packaging
[-2:45.00]In our modern society,we have to rely on different kinds of services.
[-2:46.00]Packaging is just one of them.
[-2:47.00]Without packaging,many goods,especially food,could not reach consumers.
[-2:48.00]Packaging prevents perishable 12 food from early spoilage 13.
[-2:49.00]As a result,
[-2:50.00]it prolongs shelf life and makes distribution possible to a greater distance.
[-2:51.00]The function of waste reduction is also evident in food packaging.
[-2:52.00]According to a scientific report,
[-2:53.00]food wastage can be as high as between 20% and 50%
[-2:54.00]in some areas because of poor or lack of packaging.
[-2:55.00]Appropriate packaging can cut this number down to 2 to 3%.
[-2:56.00]It is estimated that for every 1% increase in packaging materials,
[-2:57.00]food wastage decreases by about 1.6%.
[-2:58.00]Apart from practical functions,modern packaging also has aesthetic 14 value.
[-2:59.00]Good are made more attractive and inviting 15.
[-3:00.00]And for the consumers,this makes shopping more enjoyable.
[-3:-1.00]However,the service of packaging does not always enjoy a good reputation.
[-3:-2.00]Sometimes,people cannot help but feel puzzled
[-3:-3.00]by the enormous packaging of some goods,
[-3:-4.00]which often prove to have nothing to do at all with the protection of the goods inside.
[-3:-5.00]Such packaging can only lead to misunderstanding
[-3:-6.00]and waste of money on the part of the consumers
[-3:-7.00]and more seriously,it can cause a great deal of damage to the environment.
[-3:-8.00]Perhaps it is difficult to decide
[-3:-9.00]whether the service of packaging has more merits or demerits.
[-3:10.00]It seems quite obvious that modern packaging ,
[-3:11.00]to a certain extent,reflects the inner quality of the people or company
[-3:12.00]who produce the products.
[-3:13.00]B Listening
[-3:14.00]Consumers should follow these precautions to protect themselves
[-3:15.00]and the quality of their cosmetics.
[-3:16.00]1.Keep the containers of skin protection products tightly closed except when in use.
[-3:17.00]2.Keep the products out of sunlight;light can degrade their quality.
[-3:18.00]3.Don't use eye cosmetics if you have an eye infection,
[-3:19.00]and throw away all products you were using when you first discover the infection.
[-3:20.00]4.Never add any liquid to bring the product back to its original state.
[-3:21.00]Adding water could introduce bacteria that could easily grow out of control. [-3:22.00]5.Never share your cosmetics.
[-3:23.00]6.Throw the cosmetics away if the colour changes or an odour develops