Belief in Cause and Effect

  
  Benjamin Frankin wondered about(at) lightning. He combined his curiosity 1 with imagination and carried out his well-known experiment to show that lightning and an electric spark 2 are the same thing. Curiosity and imagination are important qualities which help(to) stimulate 3 the discovery of new facts and advance science.
Belief in Cause and Effect
     Scientifically minded people(副词+过去分词+名词) believe in a “cause-and-effect” relationship. They feel there is a perfectly 4 natural explanation for everything. For example, there is a good reason why some leaves turn red and others yellow in the fall. Changes such as these, which are easily observed, are called phenomena 5. Some common phenomena, however, are not completely understood. Still others cannot be explained at all at this time. In cases where the explanation is unknown the scientific point of view is that there is a reason if it can only be discovered.
Being open-Minded
     open-mindedness is also extremely important to a scientific attitude. This means the ability to face the facts as they are regardless of what one has previously 6 thought. It includes an ability to accept new and sometimes even disagreeable ideas. The worker in science must face facts whether they are pleasant or unpleasant. He must expect many failures and be willing to try again. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before he succeeded in producing the first electric lamp.
     The solutions to real problems cannot be seen in advance. Scientists must be able to change their thinking and to adapt their theories to new facts as they are discovered. The mind cannot be made up once and for all. New knowledge may make a change in thinking necessary. This is another way of saying that man’s understanding is always less than perfect. What is accepted as true often is relatively 7, and not absolutely, true. A scientific truth offers an explanation that is acceptable 8 only in the light of what is known at a particular time.
Respect for the Views of others
     Another part of a scientific attitude is respect for the views of others. This is easy when these views are like one’s own. The difficulty comes up when their ideas are different. Views which are entirely 9 new or foreign(strange) may also be hard to accept.
   
    He is curios about everything around him.
    Want , require , need
     The flower wants watering.
     The flower wants to be watered.
     The room needs cleaning .
     The room needs to be cleaned.
    Highly-praised plan;
    Well-educated children;
    Well-decorated house;
    Well-cultivated field;
    Newly-arrived visitors;
    Well-organized class;