美国学生世界地理教材 第35期:扬基人的定居地(1)

 Chapter 9 Yankee Land 第8章 扬基人的定居地

A pair of shoes, a hat, or an automobile 1 we should not call New if they were a year old, 一双鞋、一顶帽子或一辆汽车，如果用了一年，我们就不该说它们是新的了，
but there is a corner of our country which is 300 years old and yet we call it New.  但是美国有一个角落已经有300年历史了，我们却仍然称它是新的。
About 300 years ago people from England, across the ocean, 大约300年前，一群人从英国穿过大洋， 
came to the northeast corner of the United 2 States and made their homes there.  来到了美国的东北角，在那里安家落户。
So the six States north of New York, where they settled 3, we call New England. 因此，纽约北面他们安家的六个州被叫做新英格兰。
The Indians tried to call the white people English, but the best they could say was Yenghees or Yankees,  印第安人把这些白人叫做英格兰人，但是他们尽了最大努力也只能发音为英给或者扬基，
just as a child in trying to say brother might say buddy—so the people of New England we still call Yankees.  就像牙牙学语的孩子可能会把哥哥喊成得得一样——因此我们现在仍然把新英格兰地区的人叫做扬基。
We could put all six States of New England in any one of several States out West;  我们可以把新英格兰的六个州一起放到西部任何一个州里面；
but though the New England States are small in size, they are big in many other things. 不过尽管新英格兰这些州面积小，在其他许多方面却很强大。
The largest and most important city of New England is Boston, named after a town in old England. 新英格兰最大、最重要的城市是波士顿，是以老英格兰一个镇子命名的。
Many people call Boston the Hub, by which they mean to say that the rest of the World turns round Boston,  很多人把波士顿叫做轮毂，也就是说他们认为整个世界是绕着波士顿转动的；
for the hub of a wheel you know is the center,around which the rest of the wheel turns.  你知道轮毂就是车轮的中心，整个轮子都绕着轮毂转动。
Of course, the World really turns around the North and South Poles and these Poles are the real hubs of the World; 当然，世界实际上是围绕南北极而转的，南北两极才是世界真正的中心；
so people are only joking when they say the World turns round Boston. 所以人们说世界围着波士顿转不过是开玩笑而已。
Rocks and cold weather are bad for farming 4. New England in winter is very cold and it also is very rocky 5, 如果一个地方天气寒冷，土地里有很多石头，肯定不适合种庄稼。新英格兰的冬天非常寒冷， 
so rocky that men make their fences 6 of stones gathered off the fields.  土地里满是石头，当地人甚至用田里捡的石块建围墙，
The cold and the rocks make it very hard to grow things there, 所以这个地区不适合种东西。
but there are many, many waterfalls in New England, and waterfalls can be used to turn the wheels of factories to make things,  但是当地有很多很多的瀑布，而瀑布可以让工厂的轮子转动起来，人们就可以制造各种产品。
so what people chiefly do in New England is to make things for the rest of the United States—thousands of different kinds of things— 因此新英格兰人的主要工作就是为美国人生产东西——成千上万种不同的产品——
not big things such as railroad 7 tracks 8 and bridges that they make in Pittsburgh, but small things for a person’s use,  不是像匹兹堡生产的铁轨或桥梁之类的大东西，而是个人日用的小东西，
such as needles and pins, watches and clocks, boots and shoes. 比如说缝衣针、别针、手表、钟、靴子和鞋子等等。 
If the wheels of the factories are turned by waterfalls they are called mills 9. 如果工厂的机轮是由瀑布推动的，我们就把它叫做磨坊。
Nowadays, most of the waterfalls are used to make electricity,  现在大多数的瀑布都是用来发电，
and the electricity is used to run the machinery 10, but the factories are still called mills. 电又用于开动机器，但工厂仍然被叫做磨坊。
When-I-was-a-boy my idea of perfect happiness was to go barefoot.  我小的时候认为最快乐的事就是光着脚丫走路。
In some countries rich and poor alike 11 go barefoot all the time, but in America almost everyone wears shoes all the time. 在有些国家，不管是穷人还是富人，都终年光着脚走路，但在美国，几乎人人一年四季都穿着鞋。
One of the chief things they make in these New England mills is shoes.  新英格兰的那些工厂里主要产品之一就是鞋子。
In New England they make enough shoes for every pair of feet in the United States. 当地生产的鞋子足以让美国人人脚一双。 
Shoes wear out, so we can understand why the mills should keep on, year after year, making so many shoes. 鞋子会穿坏，所以我们都知道为什么那些工厂年复一年不停地生产那么多的鞋子。
But in one of the States—the one with the Indian name, Connecticut—they make pins—enough for every man, woman and child in the United States to use 100every year. 但是在其中一个州——一个有着印第安名字的州，康涅狄格州——生产别针，每年都造出足够美国每一个男人、女人、孩子用上100枚的别针。
What becomes of so many pins, do you suppose? They don’t wear out like shoes, and yet they disappear—billions of pins every year. 你想过没有，这么多的别针都哪里去了呢？它们又不像鞋子那样会用坏，但是它们都不见了，丢失了。每年丢失的别针有几十亿枚呢。