【英语听和读】纪念莎士比亚

 Callum: Hello, I'm Callum Robertson and this is Entertainment. I'm not in the studio

today I'm on location on the south bank of the River Thames in the centre of
London. 393 years ago today on June 29th 1613 one of the most famous
theatres in the world was destroyed by fire.
The Globe theatre on London's South Bank was the theatrical 1 home of William
Shakespeare and in this programme I'm going to be taking a little look at the
history of the theatre which Shakespeare called in his play Henry V, this
Wooden O.
Although the original Globe theatre has long since disappeared there is a
marvellous reconstruction 2 here now on the South Bank.
I've now come inside the marvellous modern 'wooden O' I'm speaking to
Patrick Spottiswoode who's the Director of Globe Education to find out a little
bit more. Patrick, why did Shakespeare refer to the Globe as 'this wooden O'?
Patrick: It is a round building. It is in fact a twenty-sided wooden O, a polygonal 3 O.
And it is made of oak 4 in the main, and it's an open air O so people gather round
in the theatre to hear a play.
Callum: And is that design typical of theatres of the time?
Patrick: The outdoor theatres yes, I mean in English we say 'gather round' we don't say
'gather square'. And you gather round to get close to hear a story. And these 
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were great story-telling venues 6 and thousands of people would want to get
close to the actors. So the circle enables you to get close to the actor.
Callum: This reconstruction which we're in now, how close is it in where it is and how
it looks to the original?
Patrick: We're about 150 metres from where it originally stood. In terms of whether this
Globe is like the first Globe of 1599 well we, we think it is because we have no
photographs of course, no video, so we're reliant 7 on a mixture of evidence as to
what the original Globe was like. We hope we've built the Globe like the
original but we cannot put our hands on our hearts and say it's exactly like. It's
as near as we can get.
Callum: The original as I mentioned at the beginning of this programme was destroyed
by fire in 1613. Can you tell us a little bit about its history before that? When
was it built and what was it used for?
Patrick: Well it was built in 1599 and Shakespeare and a group of actors put money
together to build the theatre. It was the first time ever in England actors had
paid to build a theatre. So that was very special. And it became the number one
theatre in London as Shakespeare's company became the number one acting 8
company of London. So it became from 1599 as the number one venue 5 for
theatre and certainly the number one venue for Shakespeare's plays until 1613.
And in 1613 they put on a play about Henry VIII and they had a cannon 9 effect
to announce the arrival of the king on stage. But it was a special effect that
went badly wrong because a spark from the cannon flew up and hit the roof
which is made of thatch 10. It caught fire and the theatre burnt to the ground
during a performance. 
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Callum: Which of Shakespeare's plays were first performed here, which of the big ones
which people might know around the world were performed here?
Patrick: Well I suppose one of the most famous, Romeo and Juliet was not first
performed at the Globe. It was written two or three years before the Globe was
built. The first play that we know to have been put on at the Globe, the first
recorded performance, it was Julius Ceasar. We know that As You Like It was
put on at the Globe, we know Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, these are plays that
were Globe plays. But plays like Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare had a career
before the Globe was built.
Callum: This is Entertainment. Today I'm talking to Patrick Spottiswoode the director
of Globe Education about the Globe Theatre on London's South Bank. Patrick I
wonder could you tell us now about how the new Globe Theatre came to be
built?
Patrick: Sam Wanamaker founded a charity to build the Globe in 1970. He dies in 1993.
Four years later the Globe finally opened for performances in 1997. So we're a
very young theatre and it's thanks to people from outside of England, an
American and a South African who came to England and decided 11 that it would
be a good thing to rebuild Shakespeare's Globe. So thanks to them we have a
Globe Theatre again.
Callum: Patrick Spottiswoode, thank you very much. That's all from this edition of
entertainment. Do join us again next time.