时间:2018-12-28 作者:英语课 分类:初学者听力文摘精选


英语课

Baby's Bacteria Related to Birth Method

出生方式决定婴儿携带什么样的细菌



Each of us harbors a unique collection of bacteria, on our outsides and our insides. Now, scientists are finding that the bacteria you get at birth may depend on how you got here. Because babies born vaginally have a different set of microbes than those that arrive by Caesarean-section. The work appears in the Proceedings 1 of the National Academy of Sciences.

我们每个人身上都有着一套独特的细菌群落,不管在体外还是体内。如今,科学家们发现你出生时携带的细菌有可能取决于你是如何降临人世的。因为,阴道分娩婴儿和剖腹产婴儿有着完全不同的微生物。这一研究成果发表在美国《国家科学院院刊》上。



The uterus is a sterile 2 environment. So, in the womb, babies don't have any bacteria to call their own. It's only once they enter the world that they begin to collect the microbes that will colonize 3 their bodies and help shape their immunity 4. But where do these bugs 5 come from?

子宫是个无菌的环境。因此,婴儿在子宫内还没有任何属于自己的细菌。只有当他们出生后才开始携带微生物,这些微生物在婴儿身上寄生繁衍,帮助他们塑造免疫系统。



Scientists sampled the bacterial 6 flora 7 from nine newborns and their mothers. And they found that babies who passed through the birth canal harbored bacteria that matched their moms' vaginal microbiota. Whereas babies delivered by C-section had microbes typically found on the skin.

科学家们对9名新生儿和他们的母亲进行了菌落取样。他们发现,产道分娩的婴儿所携带的细菌与他们的母亲阴道里的微生物相配。而剖腹产婴儿所携带的细菌是常见于皮肤上的细菌。



The scientists say the results could help explain why babies that arrive by C-section are more susceptible 8 to certain infections. Vaginal microbes might be quicker than skin bugs at snagging all the best bodily real estate, a land grab that could keep harmful infections from getting a foot in the door.

科学家们表示,研究结果可能有助于解释为何剖腹产婴儿更易受到某些感染。阴道微生物或许比皮肤细菌能更快地抢到人体上的最佳“地盘”,这位“地产大亨”能将有害感染一脚踢开,不给它们可趁之机。



1 proceedings
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
2 sterile
adj.不毛的,不孕的,无菌的,枯燥的,贫瘠的
  • This top fits over the bottle and keeps the teat sterile.这个盖子严实地盖在奶瓶上,保持奶嘴无菌。
  • The farmers turned the sterile land into high fields.农民们把不毛之地变成了高产田。
3 colonize
v.建立殖民地,拓殖;定居,居于
  • Around 700 Arabs began to colonize East Africa.公元700年阿拉伯人开始把东非变为殖民地。
  • Japan used to colonize many countries in Asia.日本曾经殖民过许多亚洲国家。
4 immunity
n.优惠;免除;豁免,豁免权
  • The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
  • He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
5 bugs
adj.疯狂的,发疯的n.窃听器( bug的名词复数 );病菌;虫子;[计算机](制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的)错误
  • All programs have bugs and need endless refinement. 所有的程序都有漏洞,都需要不断改进。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 bacterial
a.细菌的
  • Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间,细菌繁殖加快了。
  • Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
7 flora
n.(某一地区的)植物群
  • The subtropical island has a remarkably rich native flora.这个亚热带岛屿有相当丰富的乡土植物种类。
  • All flora need water and light.一切草木都需要水和阳光。
8 susceptible
adj.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的
  • Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
  • We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
学英语单词
aa. jejunales
adaptive tree walk protocol
aesthetic district
algorithmic tool
allyl glycidyl ether
automatic-appropriate
Benbrook Lake
Bhillunguna
book scorpions
Breadth Limit of Ships Laying Alongside
brown substitute
carpophorus
caudal fovea of rhomboid fossa
cheapen
Chernigovskiy Rayon
children's-book
chrysanthe
cladophore
collective experience
community college sites
compact automatic retrieval display
company-based
composertron
digestive juice
earth coil
earth's outer-core
ejectability
electric horsepower
endocannibal
endotunica
equivalent refractive
eridani
factory cost report
gastown
genus monardas
graphite gas reactor
Head-Wangu
height misadjustment of rangefinder
high carbon iron alloy
hook signal
Hylton
image surface curvature
imidas
in the death
inductioncoi
indulge sb with
ingot mold
isopropyl-m-cresol
kno
korva
Kyffin-Thomas Hill
La Democracia
lighting receptacle
lilies of the Nile
lucie-smith
Lulworth, Mt.
macrobicyclic diamine cryptand
magnatums
mode-converter
multicontrol refrigerator-freezer
multipartition support
myotendinous antigen
neophrenia
nourishing yin for moistening dryness
nus
ordering facility name
organotin
passed off
pecking-order
Pentatrichomas
petits fours
Pholidophoridae
photoinactive
phthalylsulfonazole
pidonia subaenea
pitttosporum glabratum lindl.
pneumatic drilling
polycythemia rubra vera
price flexbility policies
prism-erecting system
pseudo-prime function
psycho-geriatrics
pulsating neurasthenia
ratio electromagnet
rear attack
reset scores
revolving doctor
salvage station
semi permeable membrane
sommaruga
songwriterly
sovereignty
Sundstrand pump
tenpounders
teroxide
test space
travelling circus
unbiassed critical region
unficyps
virgin coal seam
visual flight condition
wobbling effect