温馨夜读II PART4 4.The Father of Genetics
时间：2018-12-26 作者：英语课 分类：温馨夜读II
[00:00.63]4.The Father of Genetics
[00:04.55]His name is introduced to biology students, but often forgotten after the final exam.
[00:10.76]His pioneering discoveries went unnoticed by the world until years after his death.
[00:15.88]But now, in the era of genetic 1 engineering and cloning debates,
[00:20.45]scientists are elevating Johann Gregor Mendel to his rightful place in history alongside better-known,
[00:28.40]19th century contemporaries such as Charles Darwin.
[00:32.21]Experts and scientists have collected artwork and artifacts inside the partially 2 restored Abbey of St. Thomas in Brno,
[00:41.14]a Czech city where Mendel lived, experimented with pea plants and published his historic findings in 1866,
[00:49.52]becoming the “father of genetics”.
[00:52.57]The abbey, which dates from the 14th century, was seized from the Augustinian monks 3 by communists in 1950
[01:00.85]and returned to the religious order after the Velvet 4 Revolution in 1989.
[01:06.30]A restoration project began in 1996. Yet much of the stone complex remains 5 unused.
[01:14.24]Mendel was born to a farming family in what’s today the eastern Czech Republic.
[01:20.01]He became a priest in 1847 and later studied science at the University of Vienna.
[01:26.00]Fascinated, by plant hybridization, he began experimenting in the abbey garden with pea plants.
[01:32.54]During the 1850s Mendel carefully and systematically 6 crossbred the plants
[01:38.96]until reaching conclusions that form the basis for the laws of heredity.
[01:43.64]He presented his landmark 7 paper in 1865 and had it published the next year. But no one noticed.
[01:51.70]According to scholars, Mendel’s contemporaries failed to grasp the significance of his discoveries.
[01:58.56]But around 1900 — long after his death in 1884 — a British zoologist 8 re-introduced the Czech scientist and his work,
[02:07.93]sparking an era of medical, agricultural and scientific progress that continues today.
[02:14.03]Indeed, thanks to Mendel and his peas, modern man understands why children inherit their parents’ traits,
[02:20.92]what roles are played by chromosomes 9 and DNA 10 in living things and how genetics can be used to improve human health.
[02:28.80]Around 1996, his findings led to the famous cloning of Dolly the sheep,
[02:34.82]as well as ethical 11 debates over human cloning and farming with genetically 12 modified crops.
- It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
- Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
- The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
- The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静，宵禁部分解除。
- The monks lived a very ascetic life. 僧侣过着很清苦的生活。
- He had been trained rigorously by the monks. 他接受过修道士的严格训练。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- This material feels like velvet.这料子摸起来像丝绒。
- The new settlers wore the finest silk and velvet clothing.新来的移民穿着最华丽的丝绸和天鹅绒衣服。
- He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
- The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
- This government has systematically run down public services since it took office.这一屆政府自上台以来系统地削减了公共服务。
- The rainforest is being systematically destroyed.雨林正被系统地毀灭。
- The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
- The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。
- Charles darwin was a famous zoologist.查尔斯达尔文是一位著名的动物学家。
- The zoologist had spent a long time living with monkeys.这位动物学家与猴子一起生活了很长时间。
- Chromosomes also determine the sex of animals. 染色体也决定动物的性别。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Each of four chromosomes divide longitudinally. 四种染色体的每一种都沿着纵向分裂。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
- Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
- It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
- It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。
- All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
- Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物