科学美国人60秒 SSS 狼群需要更多生存空间
时间：2018-12-24 作者：英语课 分类：2017年Scientific American(六)月
Wolves Need More Room to Roam 狼群需要更多生存空间
Wolves are vital players in various ecosystems 1. So we humans need to develop a better tolerance 2 for wolves. And the wolves need more space. That’s according to a new study in the journal Nature Communications.
狼是各种生态系统中的重要生物。所以人类需要培养对狼的更宽宏的忍耐力。而狼群则需要更多空间。此观点依据《自然通讯》杂志上的一项新研究所得出的结论。
“The key implication here is it sort of begins to reframe the entire discussion of conservation, because historically, our model has been almost a postage stamp model, where we protect certain areas and try to maintain intact assemblages of animals.”
“这其中的关键影响是，它似乎开始重塑关于整个自然环境保护的问题了。因为从历史上看，人类塑造的形象更像是一个邮票模型——我们守护自身所在的区域，并试图维持动物群体的原生性。”
\University of Washington ecologist Aaron Wirsing, who took part in the study. He says the findings could lead to changes in how wildlife and land managers create policy.
华盛顿大学的生态学家亚伦·维尔辛参与了这项研究。他表示，这些发现可能会改变野生动物和土地管理者制定政策的方式。
“We need to allow predators 3 to occupy more landscapes than just remote, protected areas, on the other hand, we also need to heavily manage them, recognizing that they do conflict with people.”
“我们需要让猎食者占领更多地区，而不仅仅是偏远的、受保护的地区。另一方面，我们还需要对它们进行严格管理，认识到它们的确与人类有冲突。”
That’s why Wirsing is not calling for wolves to simply roam free, throughout North America, Europe or Australia—all places the researchers examined that have dealt with conflicts among people, their livestock 4 and wolves. But wildlife management plans should take into account that wolves, although they do sometimes kill ranch 5 animals, can also prevent such deaths—by driving away other predators.
这就是为何维尔辛并不呼吁让狼群在北美、欧洲或澳大利亚自由自在地游荡，研究人员调查过的所有地方都涉及了人类、人类饲养的牲畜和狼之间的冲突。但是野生动物管理计划应该考虑到狼能通过驱赶其他捕食者，来阻止农场动物被捕杀，尽管它们有时也会猎食农场动物。
“Worldwide, smaller mesopredators like coyotes, jackals and such, actually themselves prey 6 pretty heavily on livestock and can cause a lot of economic damage.”
“世界范围内，像郊狼、豺狼之类的小型捕食者，实际上需要捕食大量牲畜，造成较多的经济损失。”
So wolves could become a net positive in the relationship with people. If they’re given a chance.
所以狼能在与人的关系中扮演一个积极的角色。如果给它们机会的话。
- There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
- Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
- Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。
- birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
- The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
- The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。