科学美国人60秒 SSS 染色体来打击冒牌鱼子酱
时间：2019-01-20 作者：英语课 分类：2017年Scientific American(六)月
Chromosomes 1 Combat Counterfeit 2 Caviar 染色体来打击冒牌鱼子酱
Caviar is one of the world's priciest foods: it can cost thousands of dollars a pound. And caviar from the beluga sturgeon is the most exclusive of all. But even experts have a hard time telling the eggs from two different species apart by appearance alone.
鱼子酱是世界上最昂贵的食物之一：一磅鱼子酱可能卖到数千美元。所有鱼子酱中白鲸鲟产的鱼子酱是最独特的。但是，即使是专家也很难仅凭外表就区分出两个不同鱼种的鱼子。
\So scientists came up with a method that more than meets the eye: a genetic 3 test that identifies variations in nuclear DNA 4 that are unique to the beluga, and its cousin, the sterlet. The test can differentiate 5 roe 6 of those two species from that of eight other species of sturgeon.
因此，科学家们想出了一个比视觉区分更好的方法：通过一种基因测试，识别白鲸鲟和其近亲小体鲟体内特殊的核基因的不同之处。该测试可以从其他8种鲟鱼品种中区分出这两种鱼的鱼卵。
And the best part, given caviar's premium 7 price? The test requires just a single egg. The study is in the journal Scientific Reports.
该测试最大的优点是给鱼子酱定最高价?它仅仅需要一个鱼卵。这项研究发表于《科学报告》杂志。
The researchers say that by definitively 8 identifying the real stuff, the test could prop 9 up its high price. But this effort is not just of interest to the one percenters: genetic verification could also be used for conservation. Belugas are critically endangered. And since they hybridize with other sturgeon species, conservationists need to make sure that farm-raised fish they plan to reintroduce into the wild are the real thing. And not just a cheap lookalike.
研究人员表示，通过明确识别真材实料，该测试可以保持鱼子酱较高的价格。但是这一成就的贡献并不仅限于此一项益处：基因验证也可以被用于物种保护。白鲸鲟目前已濒临灭绝。既然它们能与其他鲟鱼物种杂交，那么环保人士需要确认他们打算放生野外的那些人工养殖的鱼种是货真价实的，而非仅是长得很像的山寨货。
- Chromosomes also determine the sex of animals. 染色体也决定动物的性别。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Each of four chromosomes divide longitudinally. 四种染色体的每一种都沿着纵向分裂。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- It is a crime to counterfeit money.伪造货币是犯罪行为。
- The painting looked old but was a recent counterfeit.这幅画看上去年代久远，实际是最近的一幅赝品。
- It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
- Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
- DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
- Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
- You can differentiate between the houses by the shape of their chimneys.你可以凭借烟囱形状的不同来区分这两幢房子。
- He never learned to differentiate between good and evil.他从未学会分辨善恶。
- We will serve smoked cod's roe at the dinner.宴会上我们将上一道熏鳕鱼子。
- I'll scramble some eggs with roe?我用鱼籽炒几个鸡蛋好吗？
- You have to pay a premium for express delivery.寄快递你得付额外费用。
- Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated.在水库被污染之后，清水便因稀而贵了。
- None of the three super-states could be definitively conquered even by the other two in combination. 三个超级国家中的任何一国都不可能被任何两国的联盟所绝对打败。 来自英汉文学
- Therefore, nothing can ever be definitively proved with a photograph. 因此，没有什么可以明确了一张照片。 来自互联网