时间:2018-12-24 作者:英语课 分类:2017年Scientific American(六)月


英语课

DNA 1 Points to Multiple Migrations 2 into the Americas


美洲多次殖民迁移之谜


For more than ten thousand years, Alaska Native and Canadian First Nations people have lived along the Northwest coast of North America. Now, ancient remains 3 have provided genetic 5 proof of that long habitation.


一万多年间,阿拉斯加原住民和加拿大原住民一直生活在北美洲的西北海岸。现在,远古遗骸为他们长居于此提供了遗传学证据。


 “There’s largely the same gene 4 pool in northern Northwest North America today that there was ten thousand years ago.”


“现在北美西北北部地区的基因库与一万年前的基本相同。”


\Ripan Malhiat the University of Illinois-Champagne. He and colleagues analyzed 6 the DNA in four skeletons found in the region that range from 1,500 to 10,000 years old. And the results have two major implications. First, they support traditional oral histories about life in the region. Second, they open up the possibility for new theories about how people migrated to the continent—namely, more than one colonization 7.


伊利诺斯州大学香槟分校的Ripan Malhi说道。他和同事们分析了在这一地区发现的四具古遗骸骨骼中的DNA,这些骸骨从1500到10000岁不等。研究结果主要有两个重大含义。首先,他们为传统的关于该地区生活的口述历史提供了支持。第二,他们为关于人们如何迁移到该大陆的新理论开创了可能性——即,不止发生一次殖民地的开拓。


“It could be that folks first moved south into Central and South America and then back up into North America, or it could be that there was another movement from northeast Asia later on in time. So, there are many different possibilities that could explain the patterns that we are seeing.”


“一种可能性是人们首先向南迁移到美国中部和南部,然后又回到北美,也有可能是后来东北亚出现了另一场迁移到此的运动。所以,导致我们现在看到的这种模式出现的原因,有许多不同的可能性可以解释。”


The study is in the Proceedings 8 of the National Academy of Sciences.


这项研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。


The researchers also compared genetic data from Northwest coast populations with DNA in remains unearthed 9 south of the Canadian border. The analysis shows that the almost 13,000 year old Anzick Child found in Montana is related more closely to people from Central and South America than to Washington state’s 9,000 year old Kennewick Man, who is of entirely 10 different lineage. He is not related to people of the Northwest Coast, and his genes 11 aren’t all that closely linked to Anzick Child’s South American relatives either. Which shows that the story of the settlement of the Western Hemisphere is still very much a work in progress.


研究人员还将西北海岸居民的基因数据与在加拿大边境南部出土遗骸中的基因做了对比。分析显示,在蒙大拿州发现的近13000岁的Anzick男孩与来自中美洲和南美洲的人联系更加紧密——比起在华盛顿州发现的9000岁的肯纳威克人。肯纳威克人拥有完全不同的血统。他与西北海岸的人没有血缘关系,他的基因与Anzick男孩的南美亲戚也没有多么紧密。这表明,西半球的殖民故事仍有许多待解之谜。



1 DNA
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
2 migrations
n.迁移,移居( migration的名词复数 )
  • It foundered during the turmoils accompanying the Great Migrations. 它在随着民族大迁徙而出现的混乱中崩溃。 来自辞典例句
  • Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. 鸟类也有天生的时间感应器指导它们秋春迁移。 来自互联网
3 remains
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
4 gene
n.遗传因子,基因
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
5 genetic
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
6 analyzed
v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析
  • The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程,因为对他来说,爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 colonization
殖民地的开拓,殖民,殖民地化; 移殖
  • Colonization took place during the Habsburg dynasty. 开拓殖民地在哈布斯堡王朝就进行过。
  • These countries took part in the colonization of Africa. 这些国家参与非洲殖民地的开发。
8 proceedings
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
9 unearthed
出土的(考古)
  • Many unearthed cultural relics are set forth in the exhibition hall. 展览馆里陈列着许多出土文物。
  • Some utensils were in a state of decay when they were unearthed. 有些器皿在出土时已经残破。
10 entirely
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
11 genes
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
学英语单词
abnormal frequency pulse
account receivable financing
adelmen
adiabatic temperature probe
anodic copper-aluminium alloy
arc of trajectory
Argivene
astiler
balance of power plant
breed type
Breslavians
Briancon
Campbell's theorem
camphorize
centrifugal stretching
chequable
child of legitimate birth
circuitize
clausius-mossotti theory
coff-
collective fruits
computer-human interface
constructionistic
coronary-artery
cross-section drawn
cryptogenic hepaticcirrhosis
direct mapping
document-originating mechine
fixed pipeline system
Gelineau
genus Muscicapa
geocentrically
get into bed with
gets through to
growth-management
handing stolen goods
heroica puebla de zaragozas
honeycomb rot
horaiclavus splendidus
Houston County Lake
ignotum perignotius
Impamin
in an attempt to
indirect data address list
instrumentalising
inventory investments
joint probability density
kassinove
lenticular martensite
lifter rod
limit-control system
limonia (melanolimonia) aurita
linear elastic fracture mechanics
lithium isovalerate
main-memory mapping
mcqueens
method of determination of losses
minisystems
mislevy
modern mold and core making process
moldboard plough
nasal malformation
needle holders for delicate suture
neutral point earthing
osteolepid
panormium
parochials
patroclinal ingeritance
permittivity of medium
photo-art
pitching into
profile exponent
rauen
red-chile
relative scaler
schiess
science-fictionalized
shaped iron
silageing
sir geoffrey wilkinsons
spins out
staedtler
stem canker
Streptoth rix violacea
suggest that
superregeneration
suspended signal
symbol instruction address
the Garment District
thimphus
through-mask
tirable
trade regulation
trino
troutlike
understowed cargo
upstream pressure
Vehicle Risk
votage reference
VoWiFi
water absorption tube
weighing tube