科学美国人60秒 SSS Teachers' Racial Biases Have Different Effects for High Versus Low Performers
时间：2018-12-24 作者：英语课 分类：2017年Scientific American(三)月
Teachers' Racial Biases 1 Have Different Effects for High Versus 2 Low Performers 平等对待每一个学生
The ways teachers view their students can influence how teachers teach. Which affects how and what students learn. Now a study finds that a teacher’s racial biases come into play in different ways for high-achieving kids versus low-performing ones.
教师对待学生的方式会影响教师的教学方法，而教学方法又会影响学生们的学习方法以及学习内容。现在，一项研究表明，教师的种族偏见对于学习优秀的学生和表现不佳的学生会产生不同的影响。
“There are actually students who are experiencing different perceptions—and those different perceptions play into very specific stereotypes 3 and ideas about capabilities 4.”
“学生们面临着不同太多——而这些态度会使学生形成对能力刻板的观念和看法。”
Sociologist 5 Yasmiyn Irizarry of the University of Texas at Austin. She published her findings in the journal Social Science Research.
Yasmiyn Irizarry是来自德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的社会科学家。她将自己的研究结果发表在《社会科学研究》杂志上。
Irizarry used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study collected by the National Center for Education Statistics. She compared the test scores of more than 10,000 first graders to how teachers ranked their students in comparison to all other first graders.
Irizarry采用的是国家教育数据中心收集到的早期儿童纵向比较研究得到的数据。她比较了1万多位排名靠前的学生们的测试分数，以及在与其他同样优秀学生向比较之下，教师是如何评价的。
Teachers made accurate ratings of average students, regardless of race. But when considering students of color, teachers rated low-performing Black, Asian and Latino students more positively 6 than they did their low-performing white students. And teachers ranked high-performing minority students lower than white students at the same level. Interestingly, the race of the teacher was not a factor in the skewed evaluations 7 based on the race of the students.
无论学生的种族是什么，教师对平均水平的学生做出了客观准确的评价，但是考虑到学生的种族，相对于成绩不太好的白人学生，教师们给予了表现不太好的黑人、亚裔以及拉丁学生们更加积极的评价。但是教师对于少数成绩较好的学生的评价要低于同等水平的白人学生。有趣的是，这种教师的种族偏见并不是在基于种族区分学生时出现偏颇的因素之一。
On both ends of the spectrum 8, the teachers’ predispositions could have detrimental 9 effects on students. Either by insufficiently 10 challenging gifted kids or not fully 11 recognizing the needs of struggling young students.
在调查数据的两个极端情况下，教师的种族偏见会对学会产生不利的影响。不是通过对有天分的学生做出发挥失常之类的评价，就是没有充分认识到遇到困难的年轻学生的需求。
- Stereotypes represent designer or researcher biases and assumptions, rather than factual data. 它代表设计师或者研究者的偏见和假设，而不是实际的数据。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
- The net effect of biases on international comparisons is easily summarized. 偏差对国际比较的基本影响容易概括。
- The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
- The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
- Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
- It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
- Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
- His mother was a sociologist,researching socialism.他的母亲是个社会学家，研究社会主义。
- Max Weber is a great and outstanding sociologist.马克斯·韦伯是一位伟大的、杰出的社会学家。
- She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
- The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。
- In fact, our moral evaluations are merely expressions of our desires. 事实上，我们的道德评价只是我们欲望的表达形式。 来自哲学部分
- Properly speaking, however, these evaluations and insights are not within the concept of official notice. 但准确地讲，这些评估和深远见识并未包括在官方通知概念里。
- This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
- We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成，我们已了解不少。
- We know that heat treatment is detrimental to milk.我们知道加热对牛奶是不利的。
- He wouldn't accept that smoking was detrimental to health.他不相信吸烟有害健康。
- Your insurance card is insufficiently stamped. 你的保险卡片未贴足印花。 来自辞典例句
- Many of Britain's people are poorly dressed, badly housed, insufficiently nourished. 许多英国人衣着寒伧，居住简陋，营养不良。 来自互联网