科学美国人60秒 SSS Vision Needed to Curb Nearsightedness Epidemic
时间：2018-12-24 作者：英语课 分类：2017年Scientific American(二)月
“So we’re inside, we’re in fake lighting 1, we’re not spending as much time outside in the context in which our visual system evolved.”
Amanda Melin, assistant professor of anthropology 2 & archaeology 3 and of medical genetics at the University of Calgary. And all that sitting inside in dim light staring at screens has led to an epidemic 5 of myopia—nearsightedness—among young people.
“The myopia epidemic is particularly strong in Asia and in urban Asian environments, where it is increasing to be upwards 6 of 90 percent of teenagers are myopes.”
Melin spoke 7 February 20th at a press briefing at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement 8 of Science in Boston.
“So to be sure there’s a genetic 4 component 9, my father had glasses I have glasses. But we’re increasingly realizing that the environments in which we’re spending our time are playing a major role.
“And so a cohort study where some school age children were given 40 minutes or more time outside, those children had a 23 to 50 percent less likely chance of developing myopia than students at schools who were not given that same amount of outdoor exposure. And it looks to be dosage dependent, so the longer time you spend outside the less chance you have of developing myopia.
“So the exact mechanisms 10 are not really known, so we really need a lot more research into this. But another major factor that’s being implicated 11 is near-work activities, so spending our time looking at computers, into microscopes, these things. And then as soon as we leave our work, what are we doing, we’re on our mobile devices, that’s also a very close activity.
“When we’re engaged in near-focus tasks our eyes are actually working really hard, because the muscles have to accommodate the lens to focus that close. When we look off into a distance that’s when our eyes are relaxing, so there could be something with that as well.
“When you’re outside, the ambient light is…orders of magnitude brighter outside in outdoor lighting environments, so that probably has a very important role…we need to think about perhaps policies in place to get kids and young adults outside a bit more.”
—Steve Mirsky
- The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
- The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。
- I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。
- Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。
- She teaches archaeology at the university.她在大学里教考古学。
- He displayed interest in archaeology.他对考古学有兴趣。
- It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
- Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
- That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
- The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。
- The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
- The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。
- They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
- The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
- His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
- The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。
- Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
- Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
- The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- These groups are very strongly implicated in the violence. 这些组织与这起暴力事件有着极大的关联。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Having the stolen goods in his possession implicated him in the robbery. 因藏有赃物使他涉有偷盗的嫌疑。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》