英语听力—环球英语 1390 Bullying in Schools

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　　Welcome to Spotlight 1. I’m Liz Waid.
 
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　　And I’m Ryan Geertsma. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
 
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　　Khadeja Fahat is 14 years old. She is a student in England. But for a long time, Khadeja did not want to go school. In fact, she feared going to school. She told the BBC News,
 
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　　"Students treated me very badly almost every day…I used to go to school thinking: what is going to happen to me today? Is someone going to physically 2 hurt me?  Will someone shout at me or throw something at me?”
 
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　　Khadeja was afraid because students at her school were bullying 4 her. And Khadeja is not alone. Many children around the world experience bullying. Today’s Spotlight program is about bullying in schools.
 
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　　Bullying is not a new problem.  However, knowledge about bullying is growing.  Health Behaviour In School-Aged Children or HBSC is a group of researchers from around the world. They define 5 bullying as “the use of power and forceful or violent behaviour to cause suffering or to control another person.” In 2009, HBSC published the results of a large research study. Their researchers observed that bullying is not limited to a particular culture or place. Around the world, they found that 1 in every 4 students was involved in bullying - either as a bully 3 or the victim of a bully.
 
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　　HBSC researchers discovered that age and sex affected 6 bullying. Usually, bullying decreased as students grew older. And more boys experienced 7 bullying than girls. They also noticed that boys and girls used different methods for bullying. Some bullies 8 used direct forms of bullying - like physical violence or spoken words.  Other bullies used indirect 9 forms of bullying - like sending messages over the internet or mobile 10 telephone.  Boys were more likely to directly bully another child - using physical violence or spoken words.  Girls were more likely to bully other student indirectly 11, or by using spoken words.
 
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　　Learning 12 more about bullying is important because bullying can be very dangerous.  Children who are bullied 13 can suffer both physical and emotional 14 harm.  Khadeja, from the beginning of the program, told the BBC how bullying affected her,
 
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　　"I went from being a happy girl who…loved going to school and learning, to someone that did not care about anything.  …I was so depressed…I just wanted to go to sleep to end each day. There was nothing to look forward to.  I did not even enjoy coming home since I would just have to go to school the next day."
 
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　　Sadly, the effects of bullying can be even worse than Khadeja’s experience.  In the summer of 2012, a tragic 15 story spread around the world.  News organizations reported the death of a 13 year old boy in Otsu, Japan. For eight months students bullied this boy. They hit him. They kicked him. They forced him to eat dead insects. They tied his legs and arms together. They even forced him to act like he was killing 16 himself. Then one day, the young boy did kill himself. And his father believes that the severe bullying caused him to end his life.
 
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　　This tragic story shocked the young boy’s family, the country of Japan and the world. After his son’s death, the young boy’s father wrote,
 
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　　“I want bullying to disappear from every school in Japan.  I want schools to become a safe place again.”
 
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　　Parents, teachers and schools all over the world want the same thing.  And many schools have already begun to take action. These schools are creating anti-bullying programs. Anti-bullying programs have two purposes. First, they teach and inform students about bullying. They do this by developing positive group behaviour, social skills, and communication.
 
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　　The second purpose of anti-bullying programs is to support teachers and other school workers. The programs teach adults how to identify bullying. They also give them ideas for managing different cases of bullying. This permits the teacher to consider the needs of the individual students involved.
 
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　　One anti-bullying program has been particularly effective.  It is a program called KiVa. KiVa began in the country of Finland. But schools in many countries have chosen to use the KiVa program. KiVa is a research based program. All the materials and methods have been tested with large groups of students.
 
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　　The KiVa program involves the whole school community.  This includes all of the students, parents, teachers, and other school workers.  KiVa offers 10 bullying classes. It also offers short films, printed materials and even an anti-bullying computer game for students.
 
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　　The KiVa program is based on the idea that bullying is much bigger than just the bully and the victim. So, their program concentrates on training bystanders.  Bystanders are students that observe bullying. They are not the bully or the person being bullied.  But, these students are involved.  And they have a choice. They can join the bully in harming the victim. They can do nothing. Or they can identify the situation as bullying and defend the victim.
 
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　　Anne Williford is a teacher and researcher at Kansas University in the United States. Kansas University is researching the use of the KiVa program in American schools.  She told the Science Daily news organization,
 
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　　"The KiVa program targets the students’ environment. They are trying to create an ecology where bullying is no longer accepted. Instead of targeting only a bully and victim for training and help, it targets the whole class. It includes students who are not involved in bullying behaviour. KiVa encourages skills to help students take actions - either large or small. These actions change the students’ ecology.  It becomes one that does not support bullying."
 
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　　Bullying can have very tragic effects.  People around the world hope to rid schools of bullying. And programs like KiVa can help start this process.  However, even when bullying happens, there is still hope.  When people identify bullying and take action, things can change.  And students who are bullied can recover from their experiences with help.
 
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　　Do you remember Khadeja from the beginning of the program?  Her school did not have a plan to prevent bullying.  But her mother recognized the problem and took action.  Today, Khadeja attends a new school.  She no longer experiences bullying.  And she is starting to recover.  Khadeja told the BBC.
 
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　　"I had lost all of my confidence.  I no longer believed in myself. But now my confidence is slowly building back up.”
 
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　　The writer of this program was Courtney Schutt. The producer was Mark Drenth. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again and read it on the Internet at http://www.radioenglish.net This .program is called, “Bullying in Schools.”
 
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　　We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.