NPR 10-05:The Questions We Must Ask 尽管会有分歧，但争论却使我们走得更近

Tamar Duke-Cohan's Jewish family inspired in her a commitment to examine the moral implications of her actions

From NPR news, this is weekend edition. I’m James Hattori.

I believe in mystery.
I believe in family.
I believe in being who I am.
I believe in the power of failure.
And I believe normal life is extraordinary.
This I Believe.

This morning, This I Believe essay came to us from Tamar Duke-Cohan. She is a wife and a mother, she’s a business analyst 1 and she’s also an educator. Duke-Cohan teaches classes about the Holocaust 2 at Hebrew College’s Prozdor program in Newton, Massachusetts. Here is our series curator, independent producer, Jay Allison.

Tamar Duke-Cohan wrote about her belief that arises from the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. It’s important to remember she says that disagreement about Israel’s policies exists among the Israeli people and even within families. For her, the issue has been a focal point of her life, and writing about her belief, she said, was a way to deal with it. Here is Tamar Duke-Cohan with her essay for This I Believe.

I believe in asking hard questions and arguing about them. I grew up in Israel in the 70s with the shadows of the Holocaust. We children knew that the people with the blue numbers on their arms were survivors 3, forcibly tattooed 4 by Nazis 5 in concentration camps such as Auschwitz. In my family too the holocaust left scars. My grandparents managed to escape Germany, but they left behind relatives and friends.

What beliefs do such collective memories create, especially when mixed in with the intensity 6 of living with war and terrorism? In my family they created a commitment to examine the morality of our actions--a feeling that we have a duty to do the right, that is, the moral thing. Even though we agree about that, my mother and I disagree about the implementation 7 of our commitment to moral awareness 8.

My mother, who lives in Israel, believes that every action we take in our treatment of every individual must stand up to moral scrutiny 9. In this context, the Israeli occupation of the West Bank seems to her to be absolutely immoral 10. She also feels that the ongoing 11 occupation is tearing apart the fabric 12 of Israeli society. She therefore joined an organization called Machsom Watch whose volunteer women drive to military checkpoints in the West Bank daily. They monitor the soldiers’ behavior for perceived human rights abuses and advocate for Palestinians denied passage. Although many in Israel agree with their actions, my mother and her friends have been criticized for providing support to the enemy and even attacked.

Unlike my mother, I don’t live in Israel, nor can I view the war at such an individual level. I think the need to protect society as a whole is sometimes more important than the absolute commitment to each individual that my mother feels. Moral or not, the Israeli occupation of the West Bank is a fact of life, as is a threat of terrorism. Given this realpolitik, I support the military checkpoints which have managed to halt suicide bombings despite their negative impact on Palestinian lives.

This is not to say that my mother doesn’t believe in the greater good nor that I’m indifferent to individual rights. The question is one of balance. Does Israeli need for security outweigh 13 the importance of the rights of individual Palestinians? I believe it does and my mother believes it does not. The intellectual and ideological 14 struggle in which my mother and I are engaged has at times been painful. We have remained close, however, and have even glimpsed islands of agreement as we navigate 15 the rapids of discord 16.

I attribute this to our shared belief in another idea, deeply rooted in Jewish tradition. This idea, to which I alluded 17 earlier is that we are duty-bound to confront moral dilemmas 18 and scrutinize 19 implications of our actions. For me, this is the main lesson of the Holocaust. We must hotly debate, the political and ethical 20 questions posed by today’s complicated world. And we should sometimes disagree, avoiding the dangers of group-think while striving for compromise. That’s why I believe in asking hard questions and arguing about them.

Tamar Duke-Cohan with her essay for This I Believe. Duke-Cohan told us that she and her mother agree about almost everything else and although they make each other angry when they discuss this issue, they continue to talk every day.

If you would like to join the more than 30 thousand people who have submitted essays to our series, visit npr. org/thisibelive for information and to see what others have written. For This I Believe, I’m Jay Allison.

Jay Allison is co-editor with Dan Gediman, John Gregory and Viki Merrick of the book ''This I Believe''. The personal philosophies of remarkable 21 men and women. Two weeks from now, Palestinian-born Terry Awol of Detroit tells us about her belief in resisting fear.

Support for This I Believe comes from the Prudential Retirement 22.