英语专业晨读美文-人物篇 11 Psychoanalyst

[00:02.56]Psychoanalyst---Sigmund Freud

[00:04.94]There are no neutrals in the Freud wars.

[00:09.83]Admiration, on one side; skepticism, on the other.

[00:13.05]But on one thing the contending parties agree:

[00:15.97]for good or ill, Sigmund Freud,

[00:18.67]more than any other explorer of the psyche 1,

[00:22.22]has shaped the mind of the 20th century.

[00:24.07]The very fierceness and persistence 2 of his detractors

[00:27.44]are a tribute to the staying power of Freud's ideas.

[00:30.90]There is nothing new about such confrontations 3;

[00:34.15]they have dogged Freud's footsteps

[00:36.63]since he developed the luster 4 of theories

[00:39.21]he would give the name of psychoanalysis.

[00:41.88]His fundamental idea has struck many as a romantic,

[00:45.69]scientifically improvable notion.

[00:48.17]His contention 5 that the catalog of neurotic 6 ailments 7

[00:52.10]to which humans are susceptible 8 is nearly always

[00:55.07]the work of sexual maladjustments,

[00:57.20]and that erotic desire starts not in puberty but in infancy 9,

[01:01.64]seemed to the respectable nothing less than obscene.

[01:05.11]His dramatic evocation 10 of a universal

[01:08.97]Oedipus complex, in which the little boy

[01:11.43]loves his mother and hates his father,

[01:13.91]seems more like a literary conceit 11 than a thesis

[01:17.07]worthy of a scientifically minded psychologist.

[01:19.73]The book that made his reputation in the profession—

[01:22.96]although it sold poorly—was “The Interpretation 12 of Dreams” (1900),

[01:29.10]an indefinable masterpiece—part dream analysis,

[01:32.97]part autobiography 13, part theory of the mind,

[01:36.40]part history of contemporary Vienna.

[01:39.48]The principle that underlay 14 this work was that

[01:42.70]mental experiences are part of nature.

[01:45.13]The most nonsensical notion,

[01:47.69]the most casual slip of the tongue,

[01:49.86]the most fantastic dream, must have a meaning

[01:53.34]and can be used to unriddle the often

[01:55.93]incomprehensible maneuvers 15 we call thinking.

[01:58.39]In 1974, he published another book.

[02:01.94]A glance at its chapter headings will

[02:04.57]indicate some of the aspects of behaviour covered by the book:

[02:07.71]Forgetting of proper names

[02:09.93]Forgetting of foreign words

[02:12.49]Childhood and concealing 16 memories

[02:14.82]Mistakes in speech

[02:16.65]Mistakes in reading and writing

[02:18.80]Broadly, Freud demonstrates that

[02:21.85]there are good reasons for many of the slips

[02:24.01]and errors that we make. We forget a name because,

[02:27.52]unconsciously, we do not wish to remember that name.

[02:31.27]We repress a childhood memory

[02:33.86]because that memory is painful to us.

[02:36.38]A slip of the tongue or of the pen betrays a wish

[02:40.08]or a thought of which we are ashamed.

[02:42.38]Freud was intent not merely on originating a sweeping 17 theory

[02:46.08]of mental functioning and malfunctioning 18,

[02:48.92]he also wanted to develop the rules of psychoanalytic therapy.

[02:53.24]As to the first, he created the largely silent listener

[02:57.86]who encouraged the analysand to say

[03:00.99]whatever came to mind, no matter how foolish,

[03:03.84]repetitive or outrageous 19,

[03:05.75]and who intervened occasionally to interpret

[03:09.42]what the patient was struggling to say.

[03:11.50]The efficacy of analysis remains 20 a matter of controversy 21,

[03:14.57]though the possibility of mixing psychoanalysis

[03:17.95]and drug therapy is gaining support.