时间:2018-12-19 作者:英语课 分类:雅思英语


英语课

   I 背景介绍


  无论是从大多数考生备考雅思的过程中,还是从历年来雅思考试四项的中国考生平均分里,我们了解到中国考生在雅思写作方面非常薄弱。因为写作是最能体现个人的语言运用能力和水平的,所以不像其他课程可以通过短期的特训得到很快的提高,它要求考生花时间对词汇,句型,语法等等内容的整理,记忆,以及运用。
  在具体写作的过程中,老师以及考生遇到的棘手问题就包括对评分标准中的最后一项“Grammatical Ranges &Accuracy”的正确把握和理解。就笔者的理解而言,此项评分标准考察考生写英语句子的能力。它体现在两点上:多样性和准确性。此篇文章中,专家将就句子的多样性进行探讨。
  II 笔者的理解
  句子的多样性取决于句子类型的丰富性,一篇文章能够熟练使用不同的句型。换句话说,它考察的是考生能否像当地居民(native speaker)一样写出地道的句子。它既考察考生简单句和复杂句的综合运用能力,还考察考生对不同的句型的掌握情况。但我们通过翻看剑桥后考官提供的范文,会发现那些“a very good answer”中复杂句的数量寥寥可数,占主导地位的还是简单句,只不过这些简单句都有了华丽的“包装”。根据专家的总结,这些高分的语法结构主要有以下几种。
  III 高分语法结构介绍
  1. 状语前置
  状语前置就是把一个修饰动词的状语结构,如介词短语,分词形式或动词不定式引导的短语放到句首。雅思写作中状语前置是很拿分的句式,不过很多考生都没意识到这一点。
  请看下面从剑桥提供的范文中节选的句子:
  1) Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness。
  2) Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural purposes。
  3)With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumption can be in some countries。
  使用状语前置的最大优点是让单调的句子有了跳跃的节奏感。考官一天看上百张考卷,看到这样的句子也会心情愉悦。
  注意:插入语
  此种语法结构是可以理解为是状语前置的另一种变体,它将状语结构提到了主句的主语和谓语之间。插入语也是相对地道的英语表达方法。请看以下几例:
  1)Universities, when it is ning well, should offer both theoretical knowledge as well as professional training。
  2)So overall, I believe that, attending school from a young age is good for most children。
  插入语的功能和状语前置基本相似,都能使句子更有跳跃感和地道。
  2. 倒装句
  即把谓语提前到主语之前,用在作文中比较新颖。
  我们先来看以下几个例子:
  1). The parents should spend time on their children, they should also communicate with them。
  2). We can never lose sight of the significance of education。
  以上两句话都没有任何错误,但是读来非常平淡,没有任何特色,如果我们用倒装句,出来的效果就完全不一样了。
  1). Not only should parents spend time on their children, they are also advised to interact with them。
  2). On no account / by no means / in no way can we lose sight of the significance of education。
  3. 强调句
  It is … that … / It is … who …正是…导致了
  以下是考官写的一句话:
  1. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates 1 how that personality develops。
  强调句是考生比较难把握的一种句型,容易和it引导的形式主语相混淆,但其实我们只要找到强调句的一个特点,即去掉It is … that … / It is … who …仍然是一个完整的句子。
  通过以上三种句式结构的介绍,考生就能轻松给简单句穿上外衣进行包装了,这样表达同样的意思用不同的句式结构,出来的效果完全不一样。下面我们来看一句话分别用不同的三种表达方法,明显改变了效果。
  中文:二十世纪末科技的繁荣,人们开始广泛使用电脑。
  1). witness 句型
  The late 20th century witnessed the prosperity in science and technology, thereby 2 giving rise to the wide application of computers。
  2). With结构状语前置
  With the prosperity in science and technology in the late 20th century, the computers were widely applied 3
  3). 倒装句
  So flourishing was the science and technology in the late 20th century that computers were widely applied in various fronts。
  4). 强调句型
  It was the prosperity in science and technology in the late 20th century that gave rise to the wide application of computers。
  三个句型分别应用在以上三句话中,相同意思用不同的句型来表达,使文章句型更加丰富。
  IV总结
  最后,专家要提醒考生的是,现在考生中普遍存在一种误区,认为雅思写作就是难的复杂句结构的叠加。但是无论是考官自己写的范文,还是剑桥上公布的高分范文,我们都有理由相信,复杂句不是拿雅思写作高分的必要条件。考生必须对英语的句法有大体的把握,所以我相信以上介绍的几种语法结构对考生写句子的能力以及地道表达都有很大帮助,在考试中实战性较强。

1 dictates
n.命令,规定,要求( dictate的名词复数 )v.大声讲或读( dictate的第三人称单数 );口授;支配;摆布
  • Convention dictates that a minister should resign in such a situation. 依照常规部长在这种情况下应该辞职。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He always follows the dictates of common sense. 他总是按常识行事。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 thereby
adv.因此,从而
  • I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
3 applied
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
标签: 雅思写作
学英语单词
air inlet valve lever
ammonia absorption machine
auto-circuit breaker
auto-suggestion
Bacillus aquatilis
balanced type floating dock
beautifications
Bezaha
Bonassola
bradybolism
branding mark
c-grades
campaign hats
cation bed demineralizer
cell-mediated hypersensitivity
cepharanthine
Chemosympathectomy
chidrens
chivenors
chronic alcoholic
clock-house
continuous reinforced concrete pavement
Cotagaita
crown tile
cubbins
dam type lip ladle
digital integrating circuit
dozenths
dust-free workshop
dynamic action between wheel and rail
earlier on
electromagnetic compatibility and interference
enterwrought
excessive cultivation
facelessly
felidu atoll
fine droplet
fine fraction
fluke worm
focm
forward roll
free verses
fruit juice filter
gas-liquid system
georgias
hiker
ilexpubesceus
inhalable
initial rubber
IS (information separator)
JPT
KC2H3O2
kerosene heaters
Kneeton
Kutenholz
leadless piezoelectric ceramics
lock-rotor frequency
machined
mazursky
modified staircase wave
mopsical
my humble abode
nesh
Odontaspididae
Park equation
procedure error
pumpable
purple velvet plant
quick-response transducer
reheader
resistance strain gauges
restraints on financial budgets
rhopalosiphonius deutzifoliae
right of independence and self-determination
satellite connection
satellite operating lifetime
season of emergence
send ... on
sensitometer
severe gale
severe looks
sexagesimal measure of angle
shag someone
shell-toe
Shirouma-dake
skin-divings
Slide Mountain
sludge digestion compartment
snakelet
socioreligious
text-editing system
thermal randomness
thumb switch
travelling canvas apron
trial volunteer
Trichism
ultra-high-power
ultrasecure laboratory
unexaggerable
washing tray
zatz