时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:雅思英语


英语课

   雅思阅读是语言运用中最频繁的一种活动。可以说,一个人在具备了基本的文化素质后,主要是通过阅读来汲取信息,陶冶文化情操的。大量的阅读还能促进其它语言技能的提高,譬如说,你要提高口语水平,就不能满足于简单的会话,你的谈吐要有深度,对问题有自己的见解就必须有大量阅读的“输入”;只读不写也是远远不够的。要写出地道的英文,得先从阅读入手。


  怎样进行成功的阅读呢?当然,这是一个日积月累的过程。从材料的角度来说,难度要适当,主要是控制生词量。国外对母语为英语的读者的研究表明:对一个学生来说,阅读材料的生词平均不宜超过总词数的1%,即使学生阅读高于其三个年级的材料时,生词也保持在2%左右。那么,对将英语作为外语的中国学生来说,阅读材料的生词以不超过总词数的5%为宜。此外,成功的阅读必须保持一定的速度。一般来说,与母语读者比,外语学习者的词汇量及阅读量有限,但却有较强的语言意识。这个因素往往造成短时记忆中的认知负担过重而影响阅读处理速度,在这种情况下,生词过多将进一步影响阅读理解的效率。要提高阅读能力,应提倡广泛阅读难度适中、并能让读者保持一定速度的“浅英语”。要进行卓有成效的阅读,首先应有一个明确的目的,也就是说要主动地读,你得问问自己:我为什么读这篇文章或这本书呢?在阅读中我想得到什么?显然,这两个问题与材料有关。如果是精读材料,那你不仅要理解全文的意义,还要弄清篇章结构,遣词造句,修辞手段等等。如果是报纸、百科全书、专业参考书等,那你就要根据上面的两个问题,通篇细读;而其他更多的则是通过略读(skimming)来有选择地读。略读又分为两类:跳读(surveying)和查读(scanning)。跳读是对一篇文章或一个章节,可以通过只读每一段落的第一句或文章的第一段和最后一段来把握全文的中心思想;查读则是利用材料的信息结构来迅速查找某一具体事实或特定信息的技能。篇章是有其特写结构的,例如,字典,百科全书一般按字母顺序;电视节目表,体育赛事一般按时间顺序;议论文有论点、论据、论证;故事、传记则有五个带W词的要点:何事(what)、何因(why)、何地(where)、何时(when)、怎样(how)。在很多情况下,利用篇章结构,根据你的阅读目的,查读就可以达到你的阅读目的。
  阅读过程中遇到生词是读者常感头痛的事,这时一般不应停下来查字典。我们必须懂得:认识一篇文章的所有单词并不等于能理解这篇文章;而透彻理解一篇文章并不一定要认识文章的所有单词。英语单词是可以分析的,所以我们可以用构词法来猜测、确定词义。除此之外,我们还可以根据生词所处的句子或段落从上下文来推断该词的含义。请看以下例子,你能推断出划线词的含义吗?
  (1)同义:
  When the officer surrendered, the others gave up too.
  (2)对照:
  At the beach, some parts are deep, and others are shallow.
  (3)比喻:
  Rhythmic 1 speech or writing is like waves of the sea, moving onward 2 with alternating rise and fall.
  (4)定义:
  Linguistics 3 is the study of the way in which language works.
  (5)重述:
  Professor Wilson's approach to research is eclectic. He learns all the currently relevant theories and then tries to combine the best features of each theory.
  (6)逻辑推理:
  I gripped the wheel as hard as I could with both hands and began to turn it.
  逻辑连接词也能帮助我们推断词义。请看例证,你能确定划线词的含义吗?
  (1)重述关系。这类连接词有:similarly, that is, in other words, for example, likewise等。
  They seemed to have problem with directionality. In other words, they got lost.
  (2)对照关系。这类连接词有:but, in spite of, on the contrary, whereas, paradoxically等。
  The questions were civil enough in form, but Ms Taylor thought she could detect a hidden malice 4.
  (3)因果关系。这类连接词有:so, therefore, hence等。
  Ian had not cleaned his car for over two months so it was filthy 5.
  有时,标点符号也起着解释词义的作用。请看下例:
  The disease is not contagious 6: you can't catch it by touching 7 somebody.
  冒号后的分句注释划线词的含义:接触传染性的。
  以上主要谈了阅读技能之一,即生词意思的推断问题,但这并不意味着掌握词汇不重要。恰恰相反,词汇量是中国学生提高阅读能力的“瓶颈”,尤其是在阅读的初中级阶段。所以,对大学生或同等水平的英语学习者来说,要通过大量阅读或其他手段尽可能地扩大词汇量。
  要真正学好英语,一是不要局限于学“课本英语”。只学课本,学不好英语。由于教学上的需要,“课本英语”多是一种“理想化”的语言材料,它与现实生活中以交流为目的的真实语言材料有一定的距离。二是不要学“考试英语”,大量做各类考题也许能帮助你在考试中提高分数,但这绝对不是提高英语水平的明智之举!大量的阅读是学好英语的一个主要途径,而阅读本身也是学习外语的目的之一。
本文由在线英语听力室整理编辑。

1 rhythmic
adj.有节奏的,有韵律的
  • Her breathing became more rhythmic.她的呼吸变得更有规律了。
  • Good breathing is slow,rhythmic and deep.健康的呼吸方式缓慢深沉而有节奏。
2 onward
adj.向前的,前进的;adv.向前,前进,在先
  • The Yellow River surges onward like ten thousand horses galloping.黄河以万马奔腾之势滚滚向前。
  • He followed in the steps of forerunners and marched onward.他跟随着先辈的足迹前进。
3 linguistics
n.语言学
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • Linguistics is a scientific study of the property of language.语言学是指对语言的性质所作的系统研究。
4 malice
n.恶意,怨恨,蓄意;[律]预谋
  • I detected a suggestion of malice in his remarks.我觉察出他说的话略带恶意。
  • There was a strong current of malice in many of his portraits.他的许多肖像画中都透着一股强烈的怨恨。
5 filthy
adj.卑劣的;恶劣的,肮脏的
  • The whole river has been fouled up with filthy waste from factories.整条河都被工厂的污秽废物污染了。
  • You really should throw out that filthy old sofa and get a new one.你真的应该扔掉那张肮脏的旧沙发,然后再去买张新的。
6 contagious
adj.传染性的,有感染力的
  • It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
  • He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。
7 touching
adj.动人的,使人感伤的
  • It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
  • His letter was touching.他的信很感人。
标签: 雅思阅读
学英语单词
acting as a principal
air-blast thawer
alternate character set handling scheme
amedoes
aminoester
analogue back-up
arabian gum
asiasarum
Bangkong, Sungai
boiler evaporative test
bruggink
caesiation
caloristat
carapax
cateries
central injection
central partition plate
chestnutwood
common depreciation
comparator device
confuscates
crack sb up
crater index
critical compressive force
deboshment
deflavour
differential equation with retarded argument
differential transformer extensometer
dimuriate
drawing no
drostanolone
E.S.C.
early seasonal strain
EBRD
epicurising
european projection
eye visible crack
false reflectoin
federation of african film makers
ferchat
foodseller
friction snap latch
Gadstrup
Gen-saki
glylco-
grilled Cheesus
hard film rust preventive oil
Hlawga
horizontal path
hypothesised
income and expenditure statement
inga
jumpest
KHR
laser current transformer
limiting control action
lion-huntings
lsit of drivers
mallea
maximum historical flood
methylacetone
muddle-pated
navigation in heavy weather
nerville
net rated capacity
nicuesa
Novamat
output stage
pallor
paternal aunts
perpent
phase of echo
pigmentum iodi compositum
pineal organ
pleuronectiforms
primary gill rakers
prism turntable
pro-sentences
quasi-federalist
radius of affine curvature
rebuyers
rufol
scoashes
self-tightening seal
separation elements
solemniser
special parliamentary procedure
starter motor cover
statistical validity
steam-mixer
symbolic learning
Terrabacter
tournament sort
Tragulus kanchil
tricks
v.32bis
vena metacarpus
warp bridge
wasms
welcomest
whereround
yoho