英语同源形容词的区别
英语课
在英语中某些词有两种或两种以上的形容词形式,它们词形相近,但词义不同,容易用错,下面笔者对这类形容词做一总结。
1)historic: famous in history, 历史上著名的 associated with past times 与过去时代有关的
a ~ event/speech/spot
historical: belong to history 历史上的
a ~ people/novel/play/film/painting
~ trend
2) electric: worked by, changed with, producing electricity 用电的,带电的, 有电的
~ current/cable
electrical: relating to electricity, an idea of a less close connection with electricity
~ engineering/apparatus
3) economic: of economics
~ policy/geography/crisis/crops
economical: careful in the spending of money and time, not waste 经济的,节俭的
an ~ housewife/store
4) industrial: of industries 工业的
the ~ revolution/products/system
industrious 1: hard-working, diligent 2
~ people
5) considerable: great much 相当多(大)的
a ~ income/distance
considerate: thoughtful 体谅的, 体贴的 周到的
She is ~ to others.
6) sensible: reasonable, having good sense 实用的, 明知的
a ~ woman/idea/ 豁达的妇女/明知的观点
~ clothes 实用的衣服
sensitive: quick to receive impression 敏感的
a ~ skin
~ paper 感光纸
7) continual: going on all the time without stopping or with only short breaks, stop and go repeatedly, 连续的,断断续续的
~ rain/noise
continuous: going on without a break, an uninterrupted flow 连续不断的
~ fight/work
8) intense: high in degree 强烈的, 剧烈的,高度的
~ heat炽热/pain
an ~ lady 热情的女子
intensive: deep and thorough 精深的, 集中的
~ reading/study彻底研究/agriculture密集农业
9) respectable: deserving respect, 值得尊敬的,有名望的
a ~ man/profession
respectful: showing respect 尊敬人的,有礼貌的,
He is always ~to the elders.
respective: belongs to each of these 分别的,各自的
They sat on their ~ chairs.
10) imaginable: that can be imagined 可象想的
~ difficulties
imaginary: existing only in the mind, unreal 想象中的, 不真实的
~ figure
imaginative: of, having, using imagination 有想象力的, 运用想象力的
a ~ writer
11) intelligent: having, showing intelligence, clever 有才智的, 聪明的
an ~ looking girl ~ answer
intelligible 3: clear to mind, that can be easily understood. 易了解的, 易领悟的
an ~ speech/explanation
intellectual: possessing a great deal of knowledge 知识的, 智力的
12) contemptible 4: deserving contempt 可卑的
a ~ lie
contemptuous: showing contempt 表示轻视的
a ~ look
13) credible 5: that can be believed 可信的, 可靠的
a ~ witness
credulous 6: too ready to believe things. 轻易相信的, 易上当的
He always cheats ~ people.
creditable: that brings credit. 可称赞的
a ~ record/deed/effort
14) alternate: changing by turns 轮流的, 交替的
alternative: giving a choice between two things 选择的, 两者选一的
15) comparable 可比较的, 有类似之处的
comparative 比较而言的, 相当的
There is no scenery comparable to that of the West lake.
He lived in comparative comfort recently.
16) politic 7 精明的
political 政治的
17) beneficial 有益的
beneficent 多多行善的
18) official 官方的
officious 多管闲事的
19) potent 8 强有力的
potential 潜在的, 可能的
20) confident 有信心的, 自信的
confidential 9 机密的
21) negligent 10 忽视的, 粗心大意的
negligible 可忽视的
22) momentary 11 瞬时的, 短时的
momentous 12 重大的
23) memorable 13 值得记忆的, 不能忘却的
memorial 纪念的
24) social 社会的
sociable 14 善社交的
25) childish 幼稚的
childlike 孩子般的
26) distinct: clear 明显的, 清晰的
distinctive 15: characteristic 独特的, 有区别的
27) classic 一流的
classical 古典的
28) comprehensible 可理解的
comprehensive 全面的, 综合的
29) disinterested 16 公平的
uninterested 冷淡的
30) earthly 人间的, 尘世的
earthy 泥土似的
31) effective 有效的
efficient 有效率的
effectual 奏效的
32) exceptionable 反对的
exceptional 非凡的
33) fatal 致命的
fateful 决定性的
34) fleshly 肉体的
fleshy 肥胖的
35) homely 17 家常的
homelike 象家的
36) im(un)practical 不切合实际的
impracticable 无法使用的
37) ingenious 有独创性的
ingenuous 18 直率的, 天真的
38) manly 19 男人气派的
male 男的
masculine 男性的
39) movable 可移动的, 变动的
mobile 可动的,活动地
40) mysterious 神秘的
mystical 奥妙的
41) notable 著名的(指事)
noted 20 著名的(指人)
42) Practical 实际的
practicable 可行的, 通行的
43) regretful 遗憾的 (指人)
regrettable 遗憾的 (指事)
44) seasonable 及时的
seasonal 21 季节的
45) spiritual 精神的
spirituous 酒精的
46) tortuous 22 弯曲的
torturous 23 受刑的
47) transitory 短时间的 (指事)
transient 瞬时的 (指人)
48) elementary 基本的
elemental 自然的
49) healthy 健康的
healthful 有易于健康的
50) likely 可能的
likable 可爱的
51) desirable 合意的
desirous 渴望的
52)clean 干净的
cleanly 有干净习惯的 Are cats cleanly animals?
53) kind 慈善地
kindly 友好的,亲切的
54) temporal 一时的, 暂时的, 世俗的
temporary 暂时的, 临时的
1 industrious
adj.勤劳的,刻苦的,奋发的
- If the tiller is industrious,the farmland is productive.人勤地不懒。
- She was an industrious and willing worker.她是个勤劳肯干的员工。
2 diligent
adj.勤勉的,勤奋的
- He is the more diligent of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较用功的一个。
- She is diligent and keeps herself busy all the time.她真勤快,一会儿也不闲着。
3 intelligible
adj.可理解的,明白易懂的,清楚的
- This report would be intelligible only to an expert in computing.只有计算机运算专家才能看懂这份报告。
- His argument was barely intelligible.他的论点不易理解。
4 contemptible
adj.可鄙的,可轻视的,卑劣的
- His personal presence is unimpressive and his speech contemptible.他气貌不扬,言语粗俗。
- That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend.那是对朋友玩弄的一出可鄙的把戏。
5 credible
adj.可信任的,可靠的
- The news report is hardly credible.这则新闻报道令人难以置信。
- Is there a credible alternative to the nuclear deterrent?是否有可以取代核威慑力量的可靠办法?
6 credulous
adj.轻信的,易信的
- You must be credulous if she fooled you with that story.连她那种话都能把你骗倒,你一定是太容易相信别人了。
- Credulous attitude will only make you take anything for granted.轻信的态度只会使你想当然。
7 politic
adj.有智虑的;精明的;v.从政
- He was too politic to quarrel with so important a personage.他很聪明,不会与这么重要的人争吵。
- The politic man tried not to offend people.那个精明的人尽量不得罪人。
8 potent
adj.强有力的,有权势的;有效力的
- The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。
- We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。
9 confidential
adj.秘(机)密的,表示信任的,担任机密工作的
- He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。
- We have a confidential exchange of views.我们推心置腹地交换意见。
10 negligent
adj.疏忽的;玩忽的;粗心大意的
- The committee heard that he had been negligent in his duty.委员会听说他玩忽职守。
- If the government is proved negligent,compensation will be payable.如果证明是政府的疏忽,就应支付赔偿。
11 momentary
adj.片刻的,瞬息的;短暂的
- We are in momentary expectation of the arrival of you.我们无时无刻不在盼望你的到来。
- I caught a momentary glimpse of them.我瞥了他们一眼。
12 momentous
adj.重要的,重大的
- I am deeply honoured to be invited to this momentous occasion.能应邀出席如此重要的场合,我深感荣幸。
- The momentous news was that war had begun.重大的新闻是战争已经开始。
13 memorable
adj.值得回忆的,难忘的,特别的,显著的
- This was indeed the most memorable day of my life.这的确是我一生中最值得怀念的日子。
- The veteran soldier has fought many memorable battles.这个老兵参加过许多难忘的战斗。
14 sociable
adj.好交际的,友好的,合群的
- Roger is a very sociable person.罗杰是个非常好交际的人。
- Some children have more sociable personalities than others.有些孩子比其他孩子更善于交际。
15 distinctive
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的
- She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
- This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
16 disinterested
adj.不关心的,不感兴趣的
- He is impartial and disinterested.他公正无私。
- He's always on the make,I have never known him do a disinterested action.他这个人一贯都是唯利是图,我从来不知道他有什么无私的行动。
17 homely
adj.家常的,简朴的;不漂亮的
- We had a homely meal of bread and cheese.我们吃了一顿面包加乳酪的家常便餐。
- Come and have a homely meal with us,will you?来和我们一起吃顿家常便饭,好吗?
18 ingenuous
adj.纯朴的,单纯的;天真的;坦率的
- Only the most ingenuous person would believe such a weak excuse!只有最天真的人才会相信这么一个站不住脚的借口!
- With ingenuous sincerity,he captivated his audience.他以自己的率真迷住了观众。
19 manly
adj.有男子气概的;adv.男子般地,果断地
- The boy walked with a confident manly stride.这男孩以自信的男人步伐行走。
- He set himself manly tasks and expected others to follow his example.他给自己定下了男子汉的任务,并希望别人效之。
20 noted
adj.著名的,知名的
- The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
- Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
21 seasonal
adj.季节的,季节性的
- The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
- The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。
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