时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   很多人说没基础怎么学好英语,你需要积累的是词汇,你需要搞明白的就是语法,语法可以让你知道你背过的单词应该放在什么位置,帮你把单词串起来,下面就跟小编一起学习语法吧!


  句子六大成分:主谓宾、定状表
  主语、宾语和表语:通常由代词或者名词构成;定语:修饰名词;状语:修饰形容词或者动词; 表语:接在系动词后面;
  (一).代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。
  1人称代词:第一、二、三人称,主格、宾格、所有格;
  I,you ,he,she, it, me, you, him, her, it, my, your, his, her, its.
  2 物主代词
  ①形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, our, their,后面加名词;
  ②名词性物主代词:mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs,后面不能加名词。
  eg: May I borrow your pen?
  Mine is missing 1.
  3反身代词:通过反身代词指代主语,使动作发出者把动作在形式上反射到发出者本人。强调人称问题。
  eg:I myself took Mary to the airport.
  I cooked it myself.
  4. 指示代词:this, that, these, those
  5. 不定代词:some,someone,something,any,anyone,anything,no,no one,nothing,all,both,neither,either,each,every,everybody,everyone,everything.
  一些比较重要的不定代词之间的区别:
  (1)all, each, every:
  ① all和every可以指代三个或三个以上的人或物;all可以表示所有东西的总和,是一个不可分割的整体; each只能表示两个或两个以上的人,侧重个体;
  ② all和every侧重整体,each侧重个体;
  eg:Every staff of the university contributed to the fund 2.
  Two girls came, and I gave an apple to each.
  (2)everyone&every one
  everyone等同于everybody,all people ,指的是所有的人;
  eg:Everyone thinks they have the right to be here.
  every one既可以指人,也可以指物,强调一个个体,通常用every one of ;
  eg:Every one of us has faults and shortcomings.
  Every one of the films we have shown this year has been a succes.
  (3)no one&none
  no one 只能指人,none既可以指人,也可以指物,none后面还可以接of;
  eg:No one failed the examination 3.
  None of the students failed the examination.
  6. it 的用法
  (1)指代人,通常用于口语中;
  (2)书面语:
  ① it 用来指代时间、距离、温度、天气等
  eg:It’s three years since I saw him.
  ② it 用来前指或者后指
  eg:I’ve lost my book. Where is it?
  There is no doubt about it that he was a fine teacher.
  ③ it 做形式主语
  eg:Is it possible to learn typewriting very quickly?
  ④ it 做形式宾语,通常放在谓语动词和宾语补足语(形容词)之间,真正的宾语放在宾补之后
  常见动词有:feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, think, suppose, regard
  eg:She thinks it no use telling me.
  He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan.
  ⑤ it 用于强调句,构成句型It’s…that/who…
  如何区分强调句中的it和形式主语中的it?
  eg:It’s clear that they have won.
  如果It’s和that去掉后,剩下的部分依然能构成完整的句子,就是强调句;否则,即为形式主语。
  (二)名词
  1. 可数名词
  有单复数之分,若名词为单数,通常前面要加冠词a/an、the进行限定;若名词为复数,可以加上the,或者直接用复数名词,或者加上数词来进行限定。
  名词的复数形式可以直接加s/es,以y 结尾的,变y 为i ,再加es,还有一些特殊形式的。
  有些单数名词的形式,是集合名词,可以用作复数,如police,cattle,people,mankind等;
  eg:Several hundreds police were on duty at the demonstration 4 yesterday.
  Cattle are allowed to graze 5 on the village common.
  不可数名词:通常是物质名词或者抽象名词
  2. 不可数名词:通常是物质名词或者抽象名词,其前可以不加任何东西,若有特指,可以加the.
  前面可以加上单位词,进行分类:
  常见单位词:
  ①a piece of +advice/bread/cloth/fortune/information/music/muse
  ②a bit of、an item of、an article of
  3. 名词在翻译中遇到的问题:
  (1)不可数名词和可数名词间的转换形式:
  eg:water&waters(水域、海洋),sand&sands(沙滩),wood&woods(树林),goods(商品),ash和ashes(废墟)
  (2)名词表示特指时,可以加冠词
  ①不定冠词:a/an,通常表示一,但是不强调数目,翻译时注意;
  eg:Germany is a European country.
  ②定冠词:表示特定或特指
  eg:Is this the book that you are looking for?
  定冠词还可以使用于一些比较独特的语言现象:如指代地球或宇宙这种独一无二的事物
  the+名词:表示全部或者整体
  eg:Do you know who invented the computer?
  用于乐器或专有名词前,如play the piano、the Thames
  一点点来,慢慢积累,进步看得见。一起加油啦!

1 missing
adj.遗失的,缺少的,失踪的
  • Check the tools and see if anything is missing.检点一下工具,看有无丢失。
  • All the others are here;he's the only one missing.别人都来了,就短他一个。
2 fund
n.基金,资金,存款,财源,贮藏;vt.提供资金,积累
  • They decided to set up a fund for this purpose.他们决定为此专立一项基金。
  • This fund may not be drawn on without permission.这笔钱非经批准不得动用。
3 examination
n.考试,考查,试题;检查,调查
  • Teachers always judge their students on the final examination.老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
  • He put up a good show in the final examination.他在期末考试中表现得不错。
4 demonstration
n.表明,示范,论证,示威
  • His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
  • He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。
5 graze
v.(牲畜)吃草;放牧;擦过(牲畜);n.擦伤
  • There is good grassland here for your cattle and horses to graze on.这里有很好的草地供你们放牧牛马。
  • Nothing serious.Just a graze.没关系,就破了一点皮。
标签: 英语四级
学英语单词
1211 extinguishing agent
accounting for management control
achlya proliferoides
allulose
angiotensinogens
angular relationship
artecoll
as times go
Barbarossa
baumanometer
billibit
biostereometrics
bring to mold
carling main beam longitudinal
cationic surfactant
center of rises
central heatings
centrically
Ceratonia siliqua
constant temperature cycle
CP violation
depressurizations
describableness
despisant
diaminofluorescein
direct methanol/air fuel cell
diskette storage drive
doch-an-dorris
docking sonar transponder set
dodman
eau d'or
economizer surface
edvard hagerup griegs
electron-beam drafting machine
ether-stable
facial plate
financial statements
flake salt
fluxionally
four-linest
fraidronite
fully-hardened installation
gear unit
giant periwinkle
gujuratis
hacoversed sines
Hankamäki
horaks
isobutylphenyl propionic acid
Järvakandi
lamina limitans posterior corneae
leukocytopenias
local signal processing
loempe
major-market
mariot
meagreness
minshulls
Misaka-tōge
mixed flow model
nanomelous
nonelectrochemical corrosion
pageant fever
pallanchine
Panum's casein
pearl barleys
pedons
pile carpet
pilot's cockpit
pintados
plain bush
planodia
pot annealing
Potyomkin
prediction coefficient
question mark
radicular retainer
redocks
region of quadratic resistance law
revolving-block engine
Sabahs
seasonal frequency
serge de berry
Seyyed Ebrāhīm
Shebekino
Size/Move
solanki
solenopsis indagatrix
sowest
span-changing device
starter terminal post
sub-contractor
sublevel-long-hole benching
sunken gardens
tafileh
tension-compression fatigue strength
test organisms
unrugging
untorn
VLF (very low frequency)
water apron
Wijchmaal