时间:2018-12-17 作者:英语课 分类:2017年NPR美国国家公共电台3月


英语课

 


DAVID GREENE, HOST:


OK, so here's something we know. Breast-feeding has many health benefits for infants. But what we haven't been so sure about is whether breast milk can also help improve a kid's intelligence. NPR's Allison Aubrey reports on a new study that casts some doubt on the idea that mothers' milk can boost children's brain power.


(SOUNDBITE OF BABY CRYING)


ALLISON AUBREY, BYLINE 1: For moms of newborn babies, breast-feeding can feel like a full-time 2 job.


YULIA RING: Oh, my goodness. Oh, my goodness. She's so hungry right now.


AUBREY: I met up with Yulia Ring (ph) as she was out for a stroll with her 10-week-old daughter. And as she peeled off to find a place to feed, she says she's committed to breast-feeding.


RING: It helps to improve her immune system. But also, like, it's good for the mom, too.


AUBREY: Ring is spot on. There's evidence that breast-feeding can lower a mother's risk of breast cancer. And pediatrician Ellie Erickson of Duke University says there are lots of benefits for babies.


ELLIE ERICKSON: There is a strong body of evidence to support that breast-feeding is one of the healthiest things that we can do to support children's immune system.


AUBREY: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies be exclusively breast-fed for about six months. But not all moms can do this. Sometimes it's an issue of milk supply or a medical condition.


ERICKSON: There are a number of reasons why some women are unable to breast-feed.


AUBREY: So if a baby is not breast-fed, is anything lost? A new study helps to answer that question, at least when it comes to kids' brain development.


Researchers followed 8,000 children in Ireland starting at birth. And what they found is that by age 5, kids from similar backgrounds scored about the same on cognitive 3 tests, regardless of whether they were breast-fed. Study author Lisa-Christine Girard said the breast-fed kids scored a tad better on some standardized 4 measures.


LISA-CHRISTINE GIRARD: But yet, it wasn't significant. It wasn't big enough to show a statistical 5 significance.


AUBREY: Girard says her findings suggest that it's not breast-feeding on its own that boosts brain development. It's likely a whole range of other characteristics and habits that breast-feeding moms tend to share.


GIRARD: For example, mothers who breast-feed, they typically have higher levels of education. They're engaging in less risky 6 prenatal behaviors. For example, they're not smoking during pregnancy 7.


AUBREY: And when she factored in those variables, the standalone effect of breast milk was greatly diminished. This new finding does not in any way alter the recommendation to breast-feed. But it does suggest that when it comes to shaping a kid's brain power, breast-feeding alone does not play a leading role. Allison Aubrey, NPR News.


(SOUNDBITE OF IZZARD'S "GHOST NAPS")



1 byline
n.署名;v.署名
  • His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
  • We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。
2 full-time
adj.满工作日的或工作周的,全时间的
  • A full-time job may be too much for her.全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
  • I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作,我不知道她是如何对付的。
3 cognitive
adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
  • As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
  • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
4 standardized
adj.标准化的
  • We use standardized tests to measure scholastic achievement. 我们用标准化考试来衡量学生的学业成绩。
  • The parts of an automobile are standardized. 汽车零件是标准化了的。
5 statistical
adj.统计的,统计学的
  • He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
  • They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。
6 risky
adj.有风险的,冒险的
  • It may be risky but we will chance it anyhow.这可能有危险,但我们无论如何要冒一冒险。
  • He is well aware how risky this investment is.他心里对这项投资的风险十分清楚。
7 pregnancy
n.怀孕,怀孕期
  • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
  • Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。
学英语单词
a hive of industry
accessible area
acetylaminos
ad valorem duties
air trunking
all-insulated wiring
amphilogite (didymite)
anti-aesthetic
Antignac
antipodal relation
antiskepticism
back kick
basilect
bazzi
beded
chikunga
chorea infectiosa
cladophora sakaii
cross section lines of sounding
deoxyribonucleates
double line leveling
driven in
drop stone
eastwoods
emborders
enbucrilate
engine cylinder volume
epicentra
equation of compressible flow
evaporation feed liquor
everduring
exercise stress test
faund
feeder hooper
focal nephropathy
Franzen's index
hearby
high and dry
Holophane
hot-bed
impedance irregularities
iodophthalein sodium
isotopic ion
joate
kanedomycin
kirklin
kliniks
Kolesjanit, Mali i
Kolkhoznoye
lacquerwork
ladyland
language translation
luteamin
lutetium fluoride
make demands of
marker chromosome
mccoy(antibodies)
mercurial stomatitis
mesc
mesentery injury
micklos
montenottes
Moore Haven
moozy
Motaze
Mott Street
navmesh
Niagara green
outgunning
package tour
page frame
panadols
parallel inductor
peajacket
periarteritis nodosa
phenometry
phytolaccagenin
pontiffs
Primula chrysochlora
pwr
Rask
rideress
Rustington
sciapus aurichalceus
semi-dominance
share distribution
simple wing flap
sorting of granular material
start ambient condition
strictarian
tech-prep
tension centrifugal
to keep your ear to the ground
transducer baseline
turn someone round one's fingers
unstrengthen
upmodulate
uroleucon formosanum (takahashi)
us customer
viewport transform
wide-angle eyepiece
winklevoss