新视野大学英语读写教程词汇 第四册 Unit 1a

　　Unit 1 Text A

　　@  |<1>chase   |vt.  |run after sb. or sth. in order to catch them |追逐；追赶

　　| |   | |My dog likes chasing rabbits. |我的那条狗喜欢追逐兔子。

　　| |   | |We were chased by a bull while crossing the field. |我们穿过田地时，有一条公牛追逐着我们。

　　|@  |<2>cruelty |n.   |[C, U] behavior that makes people or animals suffer |残酷；残忍

　　| |   | |The book tells readers the cruelty of the slave trade at that time. |这本书告诉了读者在那个时候奴隶买卖的残忍。

　　| |   | |The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals. |这个农民被指控残酷虐待动物。

　　|   |<3>pessimistic  |a.   |expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that sth. will have a bad result |悲观的

　　| |   | |The tone of the meeting was very pessimistic. |该会议的气氛非常悲观。

　　| |   | |The doctors are pessimistic about his chances of recovery. |医生们对他康复的可能很悲观。

　　|    |<4>conquest|n.   |1. [U] the process of gaining control over sth. through great effort |征服；控制

　　| |  | |The conquest of inflation has been the Government's economic priority. |征服通货膨胀一直是政府经济上首要考虑做的事。

　　| |  | |He finally made the conquest of the disease come true. |他最后战胜了那疾病。

　　| |  | |2. [sing., U] the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force |征服；攻占

　　| |  | |After the Norman Conquest the forest became a royal hunting preserve. |在诺曼征服之后，这片森林就成了皇家狩猎地。

　　| |   | |The empire had expanded largely through military conquest. |帝国的扩张主要是通过军事占领。

　　|   |<5>bankrupt |a.   |without enough money to pay what one owes |破产的

　　| |    | |The company was declared bankrupt. |这家公司被宣布破产。

　　| |   | |Five years ago she was a successful actress, but now she is bankrupt. |五年前她是一个成功的演员，可是现在她一贫如洗了。

　　|   |<6>motive  |n.   |[C] a reason for doing sth. |动机

　　| |   | |Why would she have killed him? She has no motive. |她为什么会杀他呢？她没有任何动机。

　　| |   | |What is the motive behind the bombing? |爆炸背后有什么动机？

　　|@   |<7>worship |vt.  |admire and love sb. very much |崇拜；敬重；仰慕

　　| |   | |He worshipped his wife. |他很崇拜妻子。

　　| |   | |He was amused by the way younger actors worshipped and copied him. |年青演员崇拜他、模仿他的方式使他感到很有意思。

　　|   |<8>spur     |vt.  |encourage sb. or make them want to do sth. |鼓励；刺激

　　| |   | |Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed. |她艰难的童年激励她去取得成功。

　　| |   | |My trainer spurred me to keep up a pace of four miles an hour. |我的教练鼓励我保持每小时4英里的节奏。

　　|★ |<9>lure     |n.   |[C] sth. that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this |诱惑

　　| |   | |Few can resist the lure of adventure. |几乎没有人抵挡得住的历险的吸引力。

　　| |   | |It is the lure of money that brings them to the city. |是金钱的诱惑使他们来到了这城市。

　　|@   |<10>drown   |v.   |1. have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is dificult to deal with |沉浸于

　　| |   | |Relief agencies are drowning in frustration. |救济机构都沉浸于失望之中。

　　| |   | |I felt as if I were drowning in sleep. |我感到自己好像沉浸在睡眠之中。

　　|     |             |     |2. die from being under water for too long, or to kill sb. in this way |（使）淹死

　　| |   | |Many people drowned when the boat overturned. |翻船时有许多人淹死了。

　　| |   | |He drowned in a boating accident. |他在一次划船事故中淹死了。

　　|   |<11>imperial   |a.   |1. great and magniicent |壮丽的；宏大的

　　| |   | |The house is huge and almost imperial. |房子很大，极其壮丽。

　　| |   | |It is said that few places on earth offer such imperial scenic beauty as this. |据说世界上很少有地方像这里有如此壮观的美景。

　　|     |               |     |2. relating to an empire or to the person who rules it |帝国的；皇帝的

　　| |   | |the decline of an imperial power |强盛帝国的衰败

　　| |   | |Britain's imperial expansion in the 19th century |英帝国在19世纪的扩张

　　|   |<12>agent   |n.   |1.  [C]  sb. whose job is to help an actor, artist, etc. ind work |经纪人

　　| |   | |A best-selling writer needs a good agent. |畅销书作家需要好的经纪人。

　　| |   | |My agent has a new script for me to look at. |我的经纪人有一个新剧本要我看一看。

　　|     |             |     |2.  [C]  a person or company that represents another person or company, esp. in business |代理人；代理商

　　| |   | |Our agent in New York deals with all US sales. |我们在纽约的代理商处理所有的美国销售业务。

　　|   |<13>　<em>hasten</em>   |vt.  |make sth. happen sooner or more quickly |加快；加速

　　| |   | |The treatment she received may, in fact, have hastened her death. |实际上她接受的治疗加速了她的死亡。

　　| |   | |News of the scandal certainly hastened his departure from office. |有关这件丑闻的消息当然加速了他的离职。

　　|   |<14>elevator |n.   |[C] a machine that carries people or goods up and down  in a building |电梯

　　| |   | |It's on the sixth floor–let's take the elevator. |它在六层，让我们坐电梯吧。

　　| |   | |Some people were trapped in the elevators. |有些人被困在了电梯里。

　　|   |<15>blur     |n.   |[C] sth. that one cannot remember or see clearly |模糊的记忆；模糊不清的事物

　　| |   | |The events of that day were just a blur. |那天所发生的事情是简直就是一片模糊，记不清楚。

　　| |   | |My meomory of my childhood days is only a blur. |我对童年只有些模糊的记忆。

　　|@   |<16>idle     |a.   |not working or producing anything |不工作的；闲着的

　　| |   | |The workers have been idle for the last six months. |在过去的六个月，这些工人们都闲着没事干。

　　| |   | |The machine stood idle for two months. |机器闲置了两个月。

　　|   |<17>bore     |vt.  |make sb. lose interest and become tired and impatient |使厌烦

　　| |   | |He bores everyone with his stories about his girlfriends. |他老讲自己女朋友的故事，使每个人都感到厌倦。

　　||    | |Being alone with a baby all day bored her to death. |整天一个人和一个婴儿在一起使她厌倦死了。

　　|@★ |<18>bored    |a.   |tired and impatient |厌烦的

　　| |   | |It was a cold, wet day and the children were bored. |那天很冷，又潮湿，孩子们都厌倦了。

　　| |   | |He was getting bored with doing the same thing every day. |每天都做同样的事，他变得厌倦了。

　　|   |<19>continuity   |n.   |[U]  the state of continuing  for a period of  time |连贯（性）；连续（性）

　　| |   | |The novel fails to achieve narrative continuity. |这部小说在叙述上没能取得连贯。

　　| |   | |His speech lacks continuity in logic. |他的演说缺乏逻辑的连贯性。

　　|@   |<20>sustain  |vt.   |make sth. continue to exist for a period of time |维持；使...持续

　　| |   | |She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech. |她设法使得每个人的兴趣都保持到她演讲结束。

　　| |   | |Kangaroos can sustain high speeds over long distances. |袋鼠能长距离地保持高速。

　　|@  |<21>minute   |a.   |very small |极小的

　　| |   | |Her writing's so minute that it's difficult to read. |她的字迹太小了，很难读。

　　| |   | |The problem was caused by minute particles of dust getting in the disk drive. |问题是由进入到磁盘驱动器上的灰尘微粒引起的。

　　|@  |<22>discount|vt.|1. regard sth. as unlikely to be true or important |忽视；低估

　　| |   | |You shouldn't discount the possibility of him coming back. |你们不应该不相信他回来的可能性。

　　| |   | |Much of what he says must be discounted. |他说的很多话不可信。

　　|    |          |    |2. reduce the price of sth. |降低价格；打折

　　| |   | |The store discounts all its merchandise. |这家商店的多有商品都打折。

　　| |   | |He asked to discount 15% from the price. |他要求打八五折。

　　|    |          |n.  |[C] a reduction in the usual price of sth. |折扣

　　| |   | |They usually give you a discount if you buy more than ten copies. |如果你多十本以上，他们通常给你打折扣。

　　| |   | |They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students. |他们向学生提供火车旅行，九折优惠。

　　|   |<23>plot     |n.  |1. [C] the story of a book, film, play, etc. |（小说、电影、戏剧等的）情节

　　| |   | |The film has a very simple plot. |这部电影的情节非常简单。

　　| |   | |The plots of his books are basically all the same. |他书的情节基本上都是相同的

　　|    |          |    |2. [C] a secret plan |阴谋；密谋

　　| |   | |The plot was discovered before it was carried out. |这密谋还没进行就已被发现。

　　| |   | |The police have foiled a plot to assassinate the president. |警方挫败了一起暗杀总统的阴谋。

　　|    |<24>　<em>moviemaker</em>|n. |[C] sb. who makes ilms, esp. a director or producer |电影制作人

　　| |   | |Among the audience were moviemaker Jim Sheridan and some movie stars. |观众中有电影制作人吉姆·谢里登和一些电影明星。

　　| |   | |It's about time a few moviemakers with original ideas were given a chance. |该是给那一些具有新见解的电影制作人机会的时候了。

　　|@  |<25>distinct|a. |1. clearly different or belonging to a different type |明显不同的；独特的

　　| |   | |The two concepts are quite distinct from each other. |这两个概念相互是有明显区别的。

　　| |   | |The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other. |这两个组的学习需要彼此是相当不同的。

　　|    |          |    |2. able to be clearly seen, heard, smelled, etc. |清晰的；清楚的；明显的

　　| |   | |The outline of the ship became more distinct. |船的轮廓变的更清楚了。

　　| |   | |As night fell, the outline of the mountain became less distinct. |夜幕降临，山峦的轮廓变的不那么清楚了。

　　|▲  |<26>spotlight |n.   |[C] |聚光灯

　　| |   | |The room was lit by spotlights. |聚光灯照亮了房间。

　　| |   | |She stood alone on stage in the spotlight. |她独自一个人站在舞台的聚光灯下。

　　|    |<27>jungle  |n.　|[C, U] a thick tropical forest with many  large plants growing very close together |（热带）丛林

　　| |   | |The lakes are certainly there but they are hidden in dense jungle. |湖肯定在那儿，不过是隐藏在密林之中。

　　| |   | |When the police hit the shore, they fled into the jungle. |当警察到达河岸时，他们逃进了丛林。

　　|   |<28>fraud    |n. |[C, U] the crime of deceiving sb. in order to get money or sth. illegally |欺诈；诈骗

　　| |   | |She was charged with credit card fraud. |她被指控犯信用卡诈骗。

　　| |   | |Big losses due to theft and fraud forced the company to close. |由于偷窃和欺诈造成的巨大损失迫使这家公司倒闭了。

　　|    |<29>contaminate|vt.|make sth. dirty or poisonous |污染；弄脏

　　| |   | |Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste. |那海岸的许多地方已被核废料污染了。

　　| |   | |The food which had been contaminated was destroyed. |被弄脏/污染的食品已经被毁掉了。

　　|    |<30>underline |vt.|1. draw a line under a word to show that it is important |在...下划线

　　| |   | |All the technical words have been underlined in red. |所有的技术词汇都已用红色在其下面划了线。

　　| |   | |Don't forget to underline the title of the essay. |别忘了在文章标题下划线。

　　|    |            |    |2. emphasize; show that sth. is important  |强调，使突出

　　| |   | |She underlined the seriousness of the situation. |她强调了形势的严峻性。

　　| |   | |To underline their disgust, the crowd started throwing bottles at the stage. |为了强调他们的厌恶，人群开始向舞台扔瓶子了。

　　|    |<31>　<em>uncompromising</em>   |a.  |unwilling to change one's opinions or behavior |不妥协的；不让步的

　　| |   | |He has a reputation for being tough and uncompromising. |他有一个顽强、决不妥协的名声。

　　| |   | |At work, George was known as an uncompromising businessman. |在工作上，乔治是一个决不让步的商人。

　　|@  |<32>object  |vi. |oppose or disapprove of sth. |反对；不赞成

　　| |   | |Would anyone object if we started the meeting now? |如果我们现在开始开会，有人反对吗？

　　| |   | |No one objected when the boss said it was time to go home. |当老板说该回家了时，没有人表示反对。

　　|@  |<33>accuse |vt. |say that sb. is guilty of a crime or of doing sth. bad |指控；控告

　　| |   | |"It wasn't my fault." "Don't worry, I'm not accusing you." |“这不是我的过错。”“别担心，我不是在指责你。”

　　| |   | |He's been accused of robbery. |他被控以抢劫。

　　|    |<34>banquet  |n.    |[C] a formal dinner for many people on an important occasion |宴会

　　| |   | |A banquet was planned to celebrate the victory. |为庆祝胜利，计划举行一个宴会。

　　| |   | |That night there was a state banquet. |那天晚上举行了一个国宴。

　　|★  |<35>sue    |vt. |make a legal claim against sb., esp. for money |起诉；控告

　　| |   | |The company is suing a former employee. |该公司正在起诉一个前雇员。

　　| |   | |He threatened to sue them if the work was not completed. |如果工作完不成，他威胁要起诉他们

　　|    |<36>attorney|n.   |[C] a lawyer |律师

　　| |   | |Simpson answered questions from his defense attorney for nearly three hours. |辛普森回答了将近三小时自己辩护律师提出的问题。

　　| |   | |Other investors have hired attorneys and are deciding whom to sue. |其他投资者已经雇了律师，正在决定要起诉谁。

　　|@  |<37>second   |vt.  |support a suggestion made by another person in a meeting |支持；附议

　　| |   | |The motion was proposed by the club's chairman and seconded by the secretary. |这提案是俱乐部主席提出的，并得到了秘书的支持。

　　| |   | |"Will anyone second this motion?" "I second it, Mr. Chairman." |“有谁支持这项动议？”“主席先生，我附议。”

　　|@  |<38>fine    |vt. |make sb. pay money as a punishment |罚...的款

　　| |   | |Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily. |超速驾驶的司机会受到重罚。

　　| |   | |They fined him $100 for using threatening behaviour. |他们对他使用威胁性举止罚了他100美金。

　　|    |<39>expel  |vt. |force sb. to leave a school or organization |开除；驱逐

　　| |   | |The government has expelled some diplomats. |政府已将一些外交官驱逐出境。

　　| |   | |My brother was expelled from school for bad behavior.|我弟弟因为行为不端被学校开除了。

　　|@  |<40>justify |vt.   |show that there is a good reason for sth. that other people think is unreasonable |证明...有道理；为...辩护

　　| |   | |How do you justify your rude behavior? |你如何为你的粗鲁举止辩解呢？

　　| |   | |We can't justify spending any more money on this project. |我们没有理由再在这个项目上花费更多的钱了。

　　|    |<41>　<em>single-minded</em>|a.  |having one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it |一心一意的；专一的

　　| |   | |She is very single-minded about her career. |她对自己的职业十分专心。

　　| |   | |Her single-minded commitment to the job meant that she had little time left for her family. |她对工作的一心一意的奉献意味着她很少有时间留给自己的家庭。

　　|    |<42>novelist |n.   |[C] sb. who writes novels |小说家

　　| |   | |A famous novelist gave a speech at the opening ceremony. |在开幕式上，一位知名小说家发了言。

　　|    |<43>musician |n.   |[C] sb. who performs or writes music, esp. as a job |音乐家；乐手

　　| |   | |Ellen is one of our most talented young musicians. |埃伦是我们最有天赋的年青音乐家之一。

　　|   |<44>desperate |a.  |1. needing or wanting sth. very much |极需要的；极向往的

　　| |   | |The team is desperate for a win. |这个队极需要一场胜利。

　　| |   | |He was desperate to get a job. |他非常想得到一份工作。

　　|    |           |    |2. very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situation |绝望的；拼命的

　　| |   | |I had no money left and was desperate. |我没有钱了，感到很绝望。

　　| |   | |Time was running out and we were getting desperate. |时间正在流失，我们正变得绝望。

　　|    |<45>　<em>desperately</em>  |ad. |1. very much |非常

　　| |   | |She always seems to be desperately busy! |她看上去总是非常忙。

　　| |   | |I'm not desperately keen on watching football. |我并不酷爱看足球。

　　|    |                         |    |2. in a worried or angry way |绝望地；拼命地

　　| |   | |The doctors tried desperately to save her life. |医生拼命地要拯救她的生命。

　　| |   | |He looked round desperately for someone to help him. |他绝望地朝四周看了看，希望有人帮助他。

　　|■  |<46>alas     |ad.   |unfortunately |不幸的是；遗憾的是

　　| |   | |I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player. |我喜欢足球，可是，真遗憾，我没有足球队员的天赋。

　　| |   | |For many people, alas, hunger is part of everyday life. |对许多人来说，很不幸，饥饿是日常生活的一部分。

　　<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>

　　||<47>at best |even when considered in the most positive way |充其量；至多

　　||   |At best she would become disabled; at worst she would die. |最乐观地看，她会变残废；最糟糕的话，她会死去。

　　||   |He was, at best, a second-class writer. |他充其量是一个二流作家。

　　||<48>run a/the risk|be in a situation in which sth. bad could happen |冒险；有...风险

　　||   |He run the risk of losing his job by criticizing his boss. |他冒着丢饭碗的风险批评他的老板。

　　||   |If you keep working in such a temperature, you will run a risk of getting heat stroke. |如果你在这样的温度下继续工作，就有中暑的危险。

　　||<49>remain /be true to|continue to be loyal to sb. or sth. |忠于

　　||   |He remains true to his principle. |他忠于自己的原则。

　　||   |We are true to our cultural traditions. |我们忠于我们的文化传统。

　　||<50>object to |oppose or disapprove of sth. |反对；不赞成

　　||   |Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contract. |罗布森强烈反对合同中的条件。

　　||   |I objected to having to rewrite the article. |我反对重写这篇文章。

　　||<51>accuse sb. of sth.|say that sb. has done sth. wrong or is guilty of sth. |指控；控告

　　||   |Some parents are accused of being careless with their children's health. |人们指责有些家长不关心孩子的健康。

　　||   |He accused them of drinking beer while driving. |他控告他们驾车喝啤酒。

　　||<52>throw out|make sb. leave a place, school, organization, etc. because they have done sth. against the rules |开除；解雇

　　||   |Their trade union was instructed to find jobs for those thrown out of work. |他们的工会被指示要为那些失去工作的人找到工作。

　　||   |These two famous sportsmen were thrown out of the Olympics after failing drug tests. |这两位著名的运动员由于没有通过药检被逐出奥运会。

　　<TITLE>Proper Names</TITLE>

　　||<53>Tennessee Williams | |田纳西·威廉斯（1911-1983，美国剧作家）

　　||<54>Ernest Hemingway | |欧内斯特·海明威（1899-1961，美国作家，获1954年诺贝尔文学奖）

　　||<55>Robert Frost | |罗伯特·弗罗斯特（1874-1963，美国诗人）

　　||<56>T.S. Eliot | |T.S.艾略特（1888-1965，美国诗人、剧作家，获1948年诺贝尔文学奖）

　　||<57>Monet | |莫奈（1840-1926，法国画家，印象派创始人和主要代表人物）

　　||<58>Renoir | |雷诺阿（1841-1919，法国印象派画家）

　　||<59>Dali | |达利（1904-1989，西班牙超现实主义画家）

　　||<60>Hitchcock | |希区柯克（1899-1980，英国电影导演，以悬念电影著称）

　　||<61>Fellini | |费里尼（1920-1993，意大利电影导演）

　　||<62>Spielberg | |斯皮尔伯格（1946-，美国电影导演）

　　||<63>Oscar Wilde | |奥斯卡·王尔德（1854-1900，爱尔兰作家，19世纪末英国唯美主义的主要代表）

　　||<64>Thomas Wolfe | |托马斯·乌尔夫（1900-1938，美国小说家）

　　||<65>Beethoven | |贝多芬（1770-1827，德国作曲家）

　　||<66>Pestalozzi | |裴斯泰洛齐（1746-1827，瑞士教育改革家）