时间:2018-12-15 作者:英语课 分类:VOA2003(下)-环境与健康


英语课


By Nancy Steinbach


Broadcast: October 22, 2003


This is Phoebe Zimmermann with the VOA Special English Health Report.
Researchers say a drug developed several years ago reduces the chance that older women will get breast cancer for a second time.
The drug is called letrozole. It suppresses 1 the production of 1)the female 2 hormone 3 estrogen. 2)Cancerous growths need 3)estrogen to spread.
Breast cancer is most treatable early in its development. Current practice calls for doctors to operate to remove the growth. Then women take 4)chemotherapy drugs to kill any cancer that remains 4. After that, women are supposed to take the drug 5)tamoxifen (ta-MOX-i-fen) for five years. This is to prevent the cancer from coming back. But tamoxifen seems to lose its effect after five years.
Researchers have found that fifteen to thirty percent of patients get breast cancer again within ten years after they stop the tamoxifen. These are the women that doctors hope the new drug can help.
Novartis 6)Pharmaceuticals 5 makes letrozole under the name Femara. The drug is already approved in the United States to treat late forms of breast cancer.
The new study involved more than five-thousand women in the United States, Canada and Europe. All had breast cancer once and been treated with tamoxifen. For the study, half took letrozole once a day. The others took a 7)placebo 6, a pill they did not know contained only sugar.
In all, two-hundred-seven women got breast cancer for a second time. Of these, one-hundred-thirty-two had taken the placebo. Seventy-five had been given letrozole.
The Canadian-led study found that the drug reduced the chance of cancer returning by forty-three percent. The researchers planned to study the women for five years. But they stopped after two-and-a-half years. They said the effect was so clear, it would have been wrong to keep the drug from the other women in the study.
Because of the lack of estrogen, the women on letrozole had a higher risk of bone-thinning 8)osteoporosis. They were also more likely to experience effects similar to those of 9)menopause, like feeling hot all of a sudden.
Ending the study early left some questions unanswered -- for example, how long should women take the drug. The study involved the National Cancer Institutes in Canada and the United States. The findings 7 appear next month in the New England Journal 8 of Medicine.
This VOA Special English Health Report was written by Nancy Steinbach. This is Phoebe Zimmermann.


注释:
1) the female hormone estrogen 女性荷尔蒙雌激素
2) cancerous [`kAnsErEs] adj.癌的
3) estrogen [5estrEdVEn] n.(生化)雌激素
4) chemotherapy [7kemEu5WerEpi] n.化学疗法
5) tamoxifen [tE`mCksIfen ] n.(药)三苯氧胺,它莫西芬(一种抗雌激素,用于治疗妇女乳腺癌或不育症)
6) pharmaceuticals [7fB:mE5sju:tikElz] n.医药品
7) placebo [plE5si:bEu] n.安慰剂
8) osteoporosis [7CstiEupC:5rEusis] n.骨质疏松症
9) menopause [5menEpC:z]n.(生理)绝经期, 更年期



1 suppresses
抑制(感情等)( suppress的第三人称单数 ); 压制; 禁止发表; 阻止…的生长(或发展)
  • The regime ruthlessly suppresses all dissent. 这个政权残酷压制所有不同意见。
  • Hemingway suppresses emtion, Wolfe engulfs the reader in feeling. 海明威感情压抑,沃尔夫却把读者卷进感情的漩涡。
2 female
adj.雌的,女(性)的;n.雌性的动物,女子
  • We only employ female workers.我们只雇用女工。
  • The animal in the picture was a female elephant.照片上的动物是头母象。
3 hormone
n.荷尔蒙,激素,内分泌
  • Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
  • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
4 remains
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
5 pharmaceuticals
n.医药品;药物( pharmaceutical的名词复数 )
  • the development of new pharmaceuticals 新药的开发
  • The companies are pouring trillions of yen into biotechnology research,especially for pharmaceuticals and new seeds. 这些公司将大量资金投入生物工艺学研究,尤其是药品和新种子方面。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 placebo
n.安慰剂;宽慰话
  • The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
  • The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。
7 findings
n.发现物( finding的名词复数 );调查(或研究)的结果;(陪审团的)裁决
  • It behoves us to study these findings carefully. 我们理应认真研究这些发现。
  • Their findings have been widely disseminated . 他们的研究成果已经广为传播。
8 journal
n.日志,日记;议事录;日记帐;杂志,定期刊物
  • He kept a journal during his visit to Japan.他在访问日本期间坚持记日记。
  • He got a job as editor of a trade journal.他找到了一份当商业杂志编辑的工作。
学英语单词
ancient landform
anthemane
antisynchronism
ask the dust
bulging fontanel in infant
buzz group
carbon fiber brush
chancellorsvilles
charcoal dust
checkout gear
cholochrome
chrysose
closed porosity
code figure
color up
company directors
cotrustee
couldn't organize a piss-up in a brewery
crazy
depth zone
dirtmen
dismantle of
downclocks
drive pinion cone bearing cup
drivellings
e-tail
eddy current testing
efficiency of regeneration
english grip
ergasiology
euwe
factor factor relationship
forced lubricating pump
forword position
furskins
Garawal
glimmerous
glycylaminopeptidase
groundstaffs
hews
hippuritic facies
hydroxyestrone
Hypolactasia
inchoate right
invalid vector specification
knocking bill
kosal
lichenizing
line hard ware
loan repayments and interest
long-dated
malus transitoria (batal.) schneid.
Marsdenia koi
mold process
motion weighing
nonlinear deconvolution
nonvirilized
normal grammar
oil-to-air lube cooler
optical data-link (odl)
os capitatums
pass book custodian certificate
pazy
pencilers
photo-instrumentation
photobotany
photosensitive marking
piaroas
Pleione saxicola
policy entrepreneur
polynomial series
primary cortex
publishability
quadrax
quantum-mechanical circuit
rannou
repugnable
reticulum cell sarcoma
rnormelj
roentgen-kymography
saddle-node bifurcation
scalar photon
service sequence
single parity check code
skew Hermitian bilinear form matrix
spring lay
sprinted
sprocket shaft bearing
standard gauges
stibospora chamacyperidis sawada
temperature-change epitaxy
terrences
the ball is in sb's court
tied arch
topped crude
transmit beamforming
triggerable
umbrella type antenna
uncrimped
upside-down cake
vat bordeaux
wedown