高中英语人教版必修5 05

[00:09.59]Reading

[00:11.76]FIRST AID FRO BURNS

[00:15.20]The skin is an essential part of your body

[00:19.12]and your body's largest organ.

[00:21.68]You have three layers of skin that protect you against diseases 1,

[00:26.75]poisons and the sun's harmful rays.

[00:29.78]Your skin also keeps you warm or cool;

[00:33.20]it prevents your body from losing water;

[00:36.15]it is where you feel cold, heat or pain;

[00:39.42]and it giver you your sense of touch.

[00:42.06]So, as you can imagine,

[00:44.51]if you skin gets burned,

[00:45.95]it can be very serious.

[00:48.22]First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.

[00:53.47]Causes of burns

[00:56.61]You can get burned by :

[00:59.43]hot liquids, steam, fire , radiation

[01:04.68](by being close to high hear or fire),

[01:08.05]the sun, electricity and chemicals.

[01:11.99]Types of burns

[01:14.95]There are three types of burns.

[01:17.58]Burns are called first degree,

[01:20.51]second degree or third degree burns,

[01:23.85]depending on which layers of the skin are burned.

[01:27.09]First degree burns  these affect only the top layer of the skin.

[01:34.07]These burns are not serious and should fell better within a day or two.

[01:38.61]Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching 2 a hot pan 3 or icon 4 for a moment.

[01:45.85]Second degree burns

[01:49.01]these affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.

[01:53.66]These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal 5.

[01:57.63]Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.

[02:03.56]Third degree burns

[02:05.91]these affect all three layers of the skin

[02:09.33]and any tissue 6 and organs under the skin.

[02:12.49]Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,

[02:16.54]burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.

[02:20.09]These burns are very severe injuries

[02:23.26]and the victim must get to a hospital at once.

[02:26.39]Characteristics of burns

[02:31.64]First degree burns

[02:33.68]Dry, red and mildly swollen 7

[02:36.73]Mildly painful

[02:38.88]Second degree burns

[02:43.84]Rough, red and swollen

[02:46.19]Blisters 8

[02:47.86]Extremely painful

[02:51.31]Third degree burns

[02:54.24]Little or no pain if nerves 9 are damaged;

[03:04.40]may be pain around edge of injured area

[03:07.66]first aid treatment

[03:11.71]1. Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.

[03:18.97]Take off other clothing and jewellery near burns.

[03:23.42]2. Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.

[03:26.48]It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.

[03:32.69](The cool water stops the burning process,

[03:35.98]stops the pain and prevents or reduces swelling 10. )

[03:39.82]Do not put cold water on third degree burns.

[03:44.37]3. For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them

[03:51.45]until the pain is not so bad.

[03:54.09]For second degree burns,

[03:56.73]keep cloths on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until pain is not so bad.

[04:10.36]4. Dry the burned area gently.

[04:10.47]Do not rub 11,

[04:12.01]as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.

[04:16.87]5. Cover the burned area with a dry,

[04:21.54]clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.

[04:25.20]Hold the bandage in place with tape.

[04:27.76]Never put butter, oil or ointments 12 on burns

[04:32.02]as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.

[04:36.56]6. if burns are on arms or legs,

[04:42.49]keep them higher than the heart,

[04:44.71]if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.

[04:49.47]7. If the injuries are second degree or third degree burns ,

[04:49.47]get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.

[04:53.41]Using Language

[04:59.92]Reading and discussing

[05:02.34]HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD

[05:06.47]Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson,

[05:10.83]was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown

[05:14.96]for carrying out lifesaving first aid on his neighbour

[05:19.19]after a shocking 13 knife attack.

[05:21.60]John was presented with his award at a ceremony

[05:26.56]which recognized the bravery of ten people

[05:29.20]who had saved the life of another.

[05:31.63]John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.

[05:35.78]When he and his father rushed outside,

[05:38.66]a man ran from the scene.

[05:40.69]They discovered that Anne Slade,

[05:43.57]mother of three, had been stabbed 14 repeatedly 15 with a knife.

[05:47.41]She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.

[05:52.16]Her hands had almost been cut off.

[05:55.40]It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.

[06:02.06]He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages,

[06:06.82]out when nobody could put their hands on any,

[06:09.82]his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.

[06:13.89]John used these to dress the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.

[06:19.64]He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.

[06:26.25]"I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught,"

[06:33.20]John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school.

[06:38.48]When congratulating John,

[06:40.83]Mr Alan Southerton, Director or the Young Lifesaver Scheme said,

[06:45.24]"There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and school saved Ms Slade's life .

[06:52.40]It shows that a know ledge 16 of first aid can make a real difference."

[06:56.94]Before receiving their awards last night,

[07:00.37]John and the nine other Life Savers

[07:03.00]attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister