TED演讲:同性恋权利运动从公民权利运动中学到了什么(2)

 Let's just look at a few of these strategies.  让我们来看看其中一些策略吧：

First off, it's really interesting to see,  首先，非常有趣地，如果你们回顾下，
to actually visually see, how quick the gay rights movement has made its gains,  漫漫自由路上的一些主要事件，你们会发现，
if you look at a few of the major events on a timeline of both freedom movements.  至少表面上如此同性恋权利运动，是呈何等飞速在增长啊！
Now, there are tons of milestones 1 in the civil rights movement,  民权运动，已知的，就有数以万计的里程碑事件。
but the first one we're going to start with is the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott 2.  现在，让我们从，1955年蒙哥马利公共汽车抵制事件说起。
This was a protest campaign against Montgomery, Alabama's segregation 3 on their public transit 4 system,  这场运动旨在反对，亚拉巴马州，蒙哥马利市对于公共交通系统的，种族隔离政策。
and it began when a woman named Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white person.  它的导火索是，一位叫Rosa Parks的女士，拒绝为一位白人让座。
The campaign lasted a year,  此场运动持续一年，
and it galvanized the civil rights movement like nothing had before it.  它前所未有地，激励了民权运动
And I call this strategy the I'm tired of your foot on my neck strategy.  我称此策略为：我不再匍匐于你跟前。
So gays and lesbians have been in society since societies began,  男同及女同自社会产生起，即与之共生。
but up until the mid-20th century,  但直到20世纪中期之前，
homosexual acts were still illegal in most states.  同性恋行为在大部分的州依然违法。
So just 14 years after the Montgomery bus boycott,  所以，仅在蒙哥马利公交车抵制事件后14年，
a group of LGBT folks took that same strategy.  即1969年，同性恋社区的一伙人，就采取了相同的策略，
It's known as Stonewall, in 1969,  即我们所称的石墙事件。
and it's where a group of LGBT patrons fought back against police beatings at a Greenwich Village bar that sparked three days of rioting.  三天骚乱后，星星之火，终于点燃。在格林尼治酒吧的同性恋顾客，以暴制暴，勇敢反抗警察围捕。
Incidentally, black and latino LGBT folks were at the forefront of this rebellion,  巧合的是，于此役，黑人和拉丁美洲的同性恋者被推向统一战线。
and it's a really interesting example of the intersection 5 of our struggles against racism 6, homophobia, gender 7 identity and police brutality 8.  这是我们反抗种族主义，同性恋恐惧症，性别歧视，及政策偏袒的鲜明之例。
After Stonewall happened, gay liberation groups sprang up all over the country,  石墙事件后不久，同性恋自由组织如雨后春笋般，在全国涌现。
and the modern gay rights movement as we know it took off.  并最终发展成我们如今知晓的，同性恋权利运动。
So the next moment to look at on the timeline is the 1963 March on Washington.  接着，我们要回顾的，是1963年的向华盛顿进军。
This was a seminal 9 event in the civil rights movement and it's where African-Americans called for both civil and economic justice. 这是民权运动中，具有里程碑意义的事件，这是非裔美国人呼唤权利与财政公平之始。
And it's of course where Martin Luther King elivered his famous I have a dream speech,  这也是马丁路德金发表著名的《我有一个梦想》之处。
but what's actually less known is that this march was organized by a man named Bayard Rustin.  但鲜为人知的是，这次游行，是由一个叫Bayard Rustin的人组织的。
Bayard was an out gay man, Bayard and he's considered one of the most brilliant strategists of the civil rights movement.  是一名出柜了的同性恋，也被认为是民权运动中，最杰出的决策者之一。
He later in his life became a fierce advocate of LGBT rights as well, and his life is testament 10 to the intersection of the struggles.  他后来，也成为了同性恋权利运动的热情拥护者。他的一生，亦证明了民权运动和同性恋权利运动的交集。
The March on Washington is one of the high points of the movement,  向华盛顿进军是此一运动（民权运动）的巅峰之一，
and it's where there was a fervent 11 belief that African-Americans too could be a part of American democracy.  同时，也体现了非裔美国人也是美国民主制度一部分的热切信念。
I call this strategy the We are visible and many in numbers strategy.  我称这个策略为我们聚合众生，将被见证。
Some early gay activists 12 were actually directly inspired by the march,  有些早期的同性恋活动家，实际上直接被这一游行鼓舞。
and some had taken part.  他们中的一些人甚至参加了这一游行。
Gay pioneer Jack 13 Nichols said,  同性恋权利运动的先驱者道：
We marched with Martin Luther King,  我们同马丁路德金一起游行，
seven of us from the Mattachine Society， 我们中有七个人来自马特辛社区，
which was an early gay rights organization and from that moment on, we had our own dream about a gay rights march of similar proportions.  一个早期同性恋组织-自此，我们梦想同性恋权利运动，如它般卓尔不群。
Several years later, a series of marches took place,  几年后，出现了一系列的游行
each one gaining the momentum 14 of the gay freedom struggle.  每一次都在为同性恋自由的抗争积蓄能量。
The first one was in 1979,  第一次是1979年，
and the second one took place in 1987.  然后第二次是1987年
The third one was held in 1993.  第三次游行发生在1993年。
Almost a million people showed up,  有近百万人参与，
and people were so energized 15 and excited by what had taken place,  人们因所发生的欢欣鼓舞，
they went back to their own communities and started their own political and social organizations,  他们回到各自的社区，组建自己的政治性组织，或社会性组织，
further increasing the visibility of the movement.  以求使这一运动遍及大众视野。