时间:2018-12-08 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2015年(十二月)


英语课

新型结核医疗服务可显著降低死亡率


A new study shows that redesigning medical services for tuberculosis 1 can dramatically reduce the death rate. The research was conducted in a local health district in the West African nation of Togo.


一项新的研究表明,对医疗服务体制进行重塑将大大减少肺结核死亡率。这是西非国家多哥在当地医疗地区所进行的研究。


TB is blamed for two million deaths every year. Most of them are in developing countries. It’s also the second leading cause of death among infectious diseases.


每年,死于肺结核的人数为200万人。绝大多数都发生在发展中国家。肺结核也是所有传染性疾病中致死率第二高的疾病。


Over the years, TB and HIV have been closely linked because TB easily infects those with weakened immune systems. Also, new drug resistant 2 strains of TB have arisen, often making treatment difficult and painful and sometimes ineffective.


多年以来,由于肺结核很容易侵扰免疫系统弱的机体,所以肺结核也常常与艾滋病紧密相连。由于肺结核对新药的抗药性加强,致使治疗变得更加困难,有时疗效并不显著。


But a study in Togo reports a 10 percent drop in TB deaths following changes in services in the Lacs Health District. It’s located in the country’s southern Maritime 3 Region.


但是一项来自多哥的研究表明,对拉卡斯医疗地区的医疗服务做出改革之后,肺结核死亡率降低了10%。该地位于多哥南部的滨海地区。


Dr. Kossivi Afanvi works for Togo’s Ministry 4 of Health. He was health director of the Lacs District from 2008 to 2015. He said when he arrived there was much room for improvement in the treatment of TB.


科西维·阿法尼博士在多哥的卫生部门工作。2008年到2015年间,他担任拉卡斯地区的医疗主任。刚刚抵达这里时,他称就治疗肺结核来说,还有许多上升的空间。


“The treatment rate of tuberculosis was very, very low at 80 percent. And the death rate was very, very high at 13 percent.”


肺结核的治愈率很低,当时只有80%。死亡率很高,达到了13%。


Afanvi is the lead author of the Togo study appearing in BMJ Quality Improvement Reports. He had received training from the Boston-based Institute for Healthcare Improvement, a non-profit organization. In 2012, Afanvi implemented 5 – what’s called -- a System Quality Improvement Model in Lacs.


刊登在“BMJ质量改进报告”的这份多哥研究中,阿法尼是此次研究的主要作者。他曾经在波士顿的卫生保健改善机构接受过培训,这是一个非营利组织。2012年,阿法尼实施了一个名叫“体制质量改善”的模式。


“So, we decided 6 to increase the treatment success rate to at least 85 percent and to reduce the mortality rate to five percent,”


我们决定将治愈率提高到至少85%,将死亡率减少到5%。


Two years later, the program exceeded its goals. The mortality rate quickly fell from 13 to three percent. And by the time he took a new job early this year, he said there were no TB deaths in Lacs District.


两年之后,此项目超过了预期目标。死亡率从13%迅速降到3%。今年年初,他换了新的工作,他称拉卡斯地区再无死亡病例。


There’s a hospital and more than 30 health clinics in Lacs. The model called for increasing TB screening in every location where there was a registered nurse. If a test is positive, it’s followed by intensive treatment.


在拉卡斯,有一家医院,30多家医疗诊所。该系统要求增加每个地区对肺结核的筛查,每个地区配备一名护士。如果检测结果呈阳性,那么将对患者进行强化治疗。


What’s more, screening was also done for HIV. Treating those infected with the AIDS virus can strengthen their immune systems and in turn make them better able to defend against TB.


更重要的是,人们也对艾滋病进行筛查。对感染艾滋病的病患进行治疗将加强他们的免疫系统,反过来,病患也能够更好地抵御肺结核。


Dr. Afanvi is now in charge of the neighboring Vo Health District, where he’s also implemented the System Quality Improvement Model.


如今,阿法尼博士负责拉卡斯附近的沃医疗地区,他也同样在那里实施了“体制质量改善”模式。


“In my new district, I decided to use the model to manage other programs. I came here in February and according to the immunization program the rate was at 75 [percent].But actually we are at 91 [percent] for vaccinating 7 or immunizing children,”


在这一地区,我决定用这一模式来处理其他项目。我是二月份来的,依据这里的免疫项目,这里的免疫率为75%。但是实际上,儿童的疫苗接种率和免疫率为91%。


And the TB death rate has also dropped sharply in Vo.


在沃地区,肺结核的死亡率也迅速降低。


 


Afanvi has recommended to Togo’s Ministry of Health that the model be applied 8 to the entire country.


阿法尼还将这一模式推荐给了多哥的医疗部,希望这一模式能够在全国推行开来。



1 tuberculosis
n.结核病,肺结核
  • People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
  • Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。
2 resistant
adj.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的
  • Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
  • They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。
3 maritime
adj.海的,海事的,航海的,近海的,沿海的
  • Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
  • The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。
4 ministry
n.(政府的)部;牧师
  • They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
  • We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
5 implemented
v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
  • This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革,经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句
6 decided
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
7 vaccinating
给…接种疫苗( vaccinate的现在分词 ); 注射疫苗,接种疫苗
  • At first blush, vaccinating the wolves against rabies seems a simple solution. 乍一看来,为狼群注射防狂犬病疫苗是一种简单的办法。
  • Also vaccinating children against misers (measles) has saved many lives. 还有,给儿童进行疫苗接种防止麻疹也挽救了许多生命。
8 applied
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
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