Tunisia Women Make Strides

By Brent Hurd

Throughout the ancient medina of Tunis, sleepy-eyed shopkeepers thrust open their doors for another day of commerce. The narrow walkways are empty but will soon be flooded with shoppers -- locals as well as thousands of tourists. They will be tantalized 1 by an array of goods, including pottery 2, sweets, traditional clothing and copper 3 plates with scenes from the Sahara desert. 

While women prepare to sell carpets made by hand, they are also active in other realms of Tunisian life. More women than ever will be entering the halls of parliament as a result of last month's election. Nearly one of four members of parliament are women.

Tunisian women have been active in public life and the work force for decades.  Hela is a 25-year-old electrical engineering student from Tunis. "If you are a woman, you can do anything," she said. "You can go to school. You can become a doctor. You can become a lawyer. You can vote. You can drive your car. They have the same right of owning their own properties and running their own business. In Tunisia, you can see women everywhere, in every field, in politics including ministers and ambassadors. They are very active in the government."

Tunisian history took a dramatic turn when a charismatic leader named Habib Bourguiba helped his country gain independence from France in 1956. As the first president, he was determined 4 to foster a modern society based on a relaxed interpretation 5 of Islam. He reached out to trade with Europe and implemented 6 a serious of measures that earned him the title 'liberator 7 of women.'

Isobel Coleman of the Council on Foreign Relations in New York city specializes in women's issues. She says Mr. Bourguiba single-handedly changed the role of women in Tunisian society, much as Mustafa Kemal Ataturk did in modern Turkey. "Tunisia is a country that has been able to push through a lot of these progressive policies on women because it had a very autocratic leader that believed in them and pushed it on its people. Women are now reaching a status in society where they feel comfortable running for office and society feels comfortable putting them there."
 
President Bourguiba outlawed 8 polygamy and restricted the tradition of arranged marriages. He considered the hejab [veil worn by Muslim women] demeaning and banned it from schools. He also encouraged equal education for men and women. 

Although fundamental Muslims resisted such swift change, his government cracked down on those who wanted to mix religion with politics. During his three decades in power until 1987, his government often dealt severe punishments to Islamic opposition 9 leaders. The government continues such crackdowns, particularly in the long shadow of violence brought about by Islamic militancy 10 in next-door Algeria.

Today's leader, President Ben Ali also upholds women's rights. He has set aside more than 20 percent of parliament's seats for women.
 
Isobel Coleman says despite such advances in countries like Tunisia, Arab women in general still have a long way to go. The literacy rate of women in the Arab world is around 50 percent. She says that statistic 11 masks the real gains women have made. "I think there are gross stereotypes 12 of women from that part of the world -- that people view all Arab women as veiled and submissive," she said. "That is simply not true. If you look around the region, whether women are veiled or not veiled, there are women playing a very important and outspoken 13 role in political and economic reform throughout the area in Morocco and Tunisia, Jordan and Egypt, Qatar and even in Saudi Arabia."

Kareen Jabre monitors the participation 14 of women in politics for the Geneva-based Inter-Parliamentary Union. She says the Tunisia is leading a general advance. "We know that over the past five years the Arab world has been increasing steadily 15 in terms of its percentage of women in parliament," she said. "In 1990, we had an average of three-point-four percent of women in parliament and today we have an average of six-point-nine percent which means three percentage points more."

注释：
medina 麦地那（位于北非的一阿拉伯城市的旧城部分）
Tunis 突尼斯
commerce 商业
walkway 走道，人行道
local 当地居民
tourist 旅行者，旅游者
tantalize 诱惑
pottery 陶器
copper 铜
Sahara desert 撒哈拉沙漠
carpet 地毯
realm 领域
charismatic 神赐能力的，超凡魅力的
autocratic 独裁的，专政的
polygamy 一夫多妻
uphold 支持，赞成
literacy 有文化
submissive 顺从的
outspoken 坦率直言的
Qatar 喀塔尔