VOA慢速英语2011--Moammar Gadhafi: The Making of a Libyan

This is IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.

这里是美国之音慢速英语新闻报道。

Moammar Gadhafi came to power in Libya on September first, nineteen sixty-nine. He led a military overthrow 1 while King Idris was away. Early relations with the United States were generally good, says Bruce St John, the author of seven books on Libya.

卡扎菲于1969年9月1日上台，他在伊德里斯国王出国时发动了一场军事政变。利比亚和美国的早期关系基本正常，出版了7本有关利比亚书籍的作家布鲁斯·圣·约翰这么表示。

BRUCE ST JOHN: "In the early years, he was very much focused on Arab nationalism, Arab unity 2, Arab socialism. And in fact, the United States government in the first two or three years -- maybe even until nineteen seventy-four -- there were people in the United States government who thought we could work with the man and work with his regime. It was only later that he began to employ terrorist-type techniques, not only in North Africa and the Middle East, but eventually throughout the world."

约翰：“在最初几年里，卡扎菲十分注重阿拉伯民族主义、阿拉伯团结和阿拉伯社会主义。实际上，美国在最初两三年里 -- 甚至可能直到1974年，美国政府中一直有人认为，美国可以和卡扎菲以及他领导的政权合作。只是到了后来，卡扎菲开始采用恐怖主义，不仅在北非和中东，最终扩展到了全球。

Colonel Gadhafi distrusted his own generals, so over the years he built up special brigades. He built these forces with his sons and members of the military loyal to his native tribe and its allies. He also brought in foreign forces -- African mercenaries.

卡扎菲上校不信任自己的将领，所以多年来，他建立了特别大队，他的儿子和效忠他家乡部落和盟友的军方成员帮助他建立了这些武装力量。他同时还引入了外国武装力量--非洲雇佣军。

During the nineteen seventies, he tried to unite Libya with other Arab countries. Experts say that was also when he began to provide aid to what some governments considered terrorist organizations. These included the Irish Republican Army and the Abu Nidal Group.

在二十世纪七十年代，他试图把利比亚和其他阿拉伯国家联合起来。专家称，那时卡扎菲也开始援助其他政府眼中的恐怖组织，包括爱尔兰共和军和法塔赫组织。

Relations with the United States fell to an all-time low during the eighties when Ronald Reagan was president. He called Colonel Gadhafi "the mad dog of the Middle East."

80年代里根任美国总统期间，利比亚和美国的关系降到了历史最低点。里根称卡扎菲是“中东疯狗”。

Author Bruce St John points to two events from that time. In December of nineteen eighty-five, terrorists attacked the Rome and Vienna airports. And in April of nineteen eighty-six, a bomb exploded at a West Berlin discotheque popular with American troops. Two soldiers died.

约翰指出了当时的两起事件。1985年12月，恐怖分子袭击了罗马和维也纳机场。以及1986年4月，一颗炸弹在西柏林一个美国士兵常去的迪斯科舞厅爆炸，两名美国士兵死亡。

BRUCE ST JOHN: "Gadhafi and his regime -- the evidence was somewhat murky 3 -- but the United States government believed that they were involved in both of those instances. And it was particularly the La Belle 4 discotheque incident that led the Reagan administration to take a decision to punish the Gadhafi regime and put it on notice that we no longer tolerate that kind of activity."

约翰：“这两起事件中，指向卡扎菲和他的政权的证据有些模糊。 但美国政府认为，利比亚涉及了这两起事件。特别是拉贝莱迪斯科舞厅事件导致了里根政府决定惩罚卡扎菲政权，并向他们明示，美国不再容忍这类举动。”

American planes attacked targets in Benghazi and Tripoli. Many people were killed, including the adopted daughter of Colonel Gadhafi.

美国飞机袭击了班加西和的黎波里的目标。许多人被炸死，其中包括卡扎菲的养女。

In nineteen eighty-eight, a bomb blew up Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. Two hundred seventy people died, including many Americans. Another bombing took place the following year on a French plane over Niger.

1988年，泛美航空公司103航班在苏格兰洛克比上空爆炸，270人死亡，其中包括许多美国人。次年，法航一架航班在尼日尔上空爆炸。

Libya refused to surrender suspects in the two bombings. Libya faced years of United Nations sanctions until it finally surrendered the two suspects in the Lockerbie bombing.

利比亚拒绝交出这两起爆炸案嫌疑人。利比亚遭受联合国数年制裁，直到它最终交出了洛克比空难的两名嫌疑人。

One of them, Abdel Baset al-Megrahi, was found guilty. But Scotland released him in two thousand nine, saying he was dying of prostate cancer. He is still alive.

其中一名嫌疑人，阿卜杜拉·巴塞特·阿里·迈格拉希被判有罪。但苏格兰2009年释放了迈格拉希，说他即将死于前列腺癌。迈格拉希现在还活着。

In two thousand three -- the year of the American-led invasion of Iraq -- Moammar Gadhafi became more cooperative with Western countries. He agreed to pay the final amount of money owed to families of the Lockerbie bombing victims. And he announced that Libya was ending its programs to make weapons of mass destruction.

2003年，美国主导的入侵伊拉克之年。卡扎菲变得与西方国家更加合作。他同意赔偿洛克比空难遇害者家属。同时宣布，利比亚停止制造大规模杀伤性武器计划。

The United States reopened diplomatic relations with Libya in two thousand six, but waited three more years to send an ambassador.

2006年，美国和利比亚重新建交，但直到3年后才派驻大使。