时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:高级听力练习


英语课

Types of Speech


Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms 2, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic 3 expressions are colloquial 1 language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing. 
  Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary 4 popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed 5 out by a number of linguists 6 that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population. 
  Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.



1 colloquial
adj.口语的,会话的
  • It's hard to understand the colloquial idioms of a foreign language.外语里的口头习语很难懂。
  • They have little acquaintance with colloquial English. 他们对英语会话几乎一窍不通。
2 colloquialisms
n.俗话,白话,口语( colloquialism的名词复数 )
  • There are as many colloquialisms in Japanese as are in Chinese. 中日文中存在着大量的四字熟语。 来自互联网
  • It is getting better, but It'still struggles with colloquialisms and idioms. 机器翻译的质量虽然有所改善,但翻译起口语体和习语来还是困难重重。 来自互联网
3 idiomatic
adj.成语的,符合语言习惯的
  • In our reading we should always be alert for idiomatic expressions.我们在阅读过程中应经常注意惯用法。
  • In his lecture,he bore down on the importance of idiomatic usage in a language.他在演讲中着重强调了语言中习惯用法的重要性。
4 momentary
adj.片刻的,瞬息的;短暂的
  • We are in momentary expectation of the arrival of you.我们无时无刻不在盼望你的到来。
  • I caught a momentary glimpse of them.我瞥了他们一眼。
5 pointed
adj.尖的,直截了当的
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
6 linguists
n.通晓数国语言的人( linguist的名词复数 );语言学家
  • The linguists went to study tribal languages in the field. 语言学家们去实地研究部落语言了。 来自辞典例句
  • The linguists' main interest has been to analyze and describe languages. 语言学家的主要兴趣一直在于分析并描述语言。 来自辞典例句
标签: 高级 听力练习
学英语单词
a good riddance to bad rubbish
a single entity
acrity
Allium fasciculatum
allowable gross weight
alternating veins
automatic return mechanism
Aňo Nuevo, Point
bb flat bass
blister-like
bound task set load module
Buch am Forst
burner ring
butt face dowel
butt type expansion installation
button quails
butyl propionate
Candices
carsten
catalyst
chaoosh
civil truck
compensation bar
Conkal
creative strategy
cup grinding wheel
dedicated control
dermochelys coriaceas
diabetes gangrene
Diallat
discal scutellar bristle
Domfront
Duaca
earned-income credit
eastwardly
energy capability pumped storage station
erotogenicity
excess subscript
expansed
explicit integration method
family echeneidaes
fire thrower
flagitiousness
fluorine hydride
foredeck
Gulf-ICWW menhaden
gyny
housewifish
I-action
iguanians
joint toprtfeasors
Kalaanan
leiomyoma
liaoning province
line-width gauge
liquid helium four
liquid securities
lock and dam
Ludox
luteoids
metal hull
mixing roll
octylene glycol
padauk
Palladion
Parson's number
photon degeneracy
post hocs ergo propter hocs
priceless treasure
prismatic colour
pseudocetonurus septifer
radiochemotherapy
rate of body weight gain
Red-rot
replaceable cutter
return offer
rhenium tetraiodide
rough-weather works
Rully
sacheverell
seed funding
separable slide fastener
sling back
softe of brain
stabbing board
stereoselectives
straight roller bearing
swindlingly
tap nose grinder
tax strategy
these two days
triclavianists
trophocarcinoma
true vertical depth
unicolo(u)red
verdage
viners
whiting-mop
wood chemical
Wye Gorge
Yambio
Yuzhno-Yeniseyskiy