时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:高级听力练习


英语课

Types of Speech


Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms 2, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic 3 expressions are colloquial 1 language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing. 
  Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary 4 popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed 5 out by a number of linguists 6 that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population. 
  Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.



1 colloquial
adj.口语的,会话的
  • It's hard to understand the colloquial idioms of a foreign language.外语里的口头习语很难懂。
  • They have little acquaintance with colloquial English. 他们对英语会话几乎一窍不通。
2 colloquialisms
n.俗话,白话,口语( colloquialism的名词复数 )
  • There are as many colloquialisms in Japanese as are in Chinese. 中日文中存在着大量的四字熟语。 来自互联网
  • It is getting better, but It'still struggles with colloquialisms and idioms. 机器翻译的质量虽然有所改善,但翻译起口语体和习语来还是困难重重。 来自互联网
3 idiomatic
adj.成语的,符合语言习惯的
  • In our reading we should always be alert for idiomatic expressions.我们在阅读过程中应经常注意惯用法。
  • In his lecture,he bore down on the importance of idiomatic usage in a language.他在演讲中着重强调了语言中习惯用法的重要性。
4 momentary
adj.片刻的,瞬息的;短暂的
  • We are in momentary expectation of the arrival of you.我们无时无刻不在盼望你的到来。
  • I caught a momentary glimpse of them.我瞥了他们一眼。
5 pointed
adj.尖的,直截了当的
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
6 linguists
n.通晓数国语言的人( linguist的名词复数 );语言学家
  • The linguists went to study tribal languages in the field. 语言学家们去实地研究部落语言了。 来自辞典例句
  • The linguists' main interest has been to analyze and describe languages. 语言学家的主要兴趣一直在于分析并描述语言。 来自辞典例句
标签: 高级 听力练习
学英语单词
Afghan hound
age of forest
alben barkleys
analytical nodal method
angle of list
annular accelerator
anticenter
anticorrosion composition
basinets
be great at
behavioral-institutional juxtaposition
benfields
Bingham fluid
brusher rinser
characteristic time scale
chestpack parachute
coed sequence
Cominform
concentrated weight
connatre
data manager feature
dead water zone
dedicated battery
development-oriented
diborated
dinocrates
Dokatacillin
Dore, River
drug-store
earprint
ecol
exercise for intellect
Faeroe Islanders
futter
gathering pump
guerite
H-rays
hamburger icon
hime formosanus
hypoplastic leukemic syndrome
incipient fold
individually-screened cable
iron straps
islet-exocrine portal system
isovol
Kodalekaha
Kvæfjord
labourites
laying ration
low-melting alloy die
Maritime Cooporation Scheme
maximum continuous heat dissipation
Mazara del Vallo
mine cable brake
multigraph
noise compensation method
Oh my ears and whiskers!
pentels
perfume bottle
phagic
Picardan
playhead
posetion
postlesion
preliminary interpretation
pull the fat out of the fire
purpris
quasi-steady-state wind
quiet arc
rabbitohs
random waves
remainder of distribution
rss (reactor safety study)
sacral tuberosity
saintite
salt invasion
saltspoonsful
sapriparaquinone
Sauromatum venosum
score to settle
sheltered trade
simultaneous side reaction
sodiri (sawdiri)
soil-ball
spline approximate
streught
subcutaneous injection
submarine photography
submarine relief
tank transformator
the leader
toddy palms
Três Vendas
tv-based
two arm kneader
upset forging machine
vent wire
vernal fever
waterily
waterstop ring
webberites
window type current transformer