时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:高级听力练习


英语课

Types of Speech


Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms 2, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic 3 expressions are colloquial 1 language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing. 
  Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary 4 popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events. It has been pointed 5 out by a number of linguists 6 that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population. 
  Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.



1 colloquial
adj.口语的,会话的
  • It's hard to understand the colloquial idioms of a foreign language.外语里的口头习语很难懂。
  • They have little acquaintance with colloquial English. 他们对英语会话几乎一窍不通。
2 colloquialisms
n.俗话,白话,口语( colloquialism的名词复数 )
  • There are as many colloquialisms in Japanese as are in Chinese. 中日文中存在着大量的四字熟语。 来自互联网
  • It is getting better, but It'still struggles with colloquialisms and idioms. 机器翻译的质量虽然有所改善,但翻译起口语体和习语来还是困难重重。 来自互联网
3 idiomatic
adj.成语的,符合语言习惯的
  • In our reading we should always be alert for idiomatic expressions.我们在阅读过程中应经常注意惯用法。
  • In his lecture,he bore down on the importance of idiomatic usage in a language.他在演讲中着重强调了语言中习惯用法的重要性。
4 momentary
adj.片刻的,瞬息的;短暂的
  • We are in momentary expectation of the arrival of you.我们无时无刻不在盼望你的到来。
  • I caught a momentary glimpse of them.我瞥了他们一眼。
5 pointed
adj.尖的,直截了当的
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
6 linguists
n.通晓数国语言的人( linguist的名词复数 );语言学家
  • The linguists went to study tribal languages in the field. 语言学家们去实地研究部落语言了。 来自辞典例句
  • The linguists' main interest has been to analyze and describe languages. 语言学家的主要兴趣一直在于分析并描述语言。 来自辞典例句
标签: 高级 听力练习
学英语单词
-impaired
abren
Ai Qing
Alviri-Vidari
anachronismatical
and that's that
annotated bibliographies
area assist action
Badnera
bangladeshi monetary units
blister (or radome)
bought-in
Castagnoli formula
cholecysto-angiography
cinder spout
cladoxylopsids
condominial
cool-summer damage due to delayed growth
d-cell
delayed rupture of spleen
discrete Fourier tranform
domestic wastewater
Dundas Pen.
eject control
fibrous astrocyte
fibrous type
fore-body waterlines
four times a day
genic sterility
genus Merops
give an account of oneself
grab time by the forelock
gressive
guidanuce equipment
hepatase
high-frequency discharge
hydraulic shock
indirect wing muscles
ingress
International Association of Scientific Hydrology
irrigatable
Kirundu
Ksar-el-Seghir
labrador stone (labradorite)
leaven
Limski Zal.
make a composition with
metonomatosis
micro-watt
microhistories
mirror face
multistage water cooled compressor
n-core-per-bit
neutral step wedge
Nicolas Poussin
oem battery
orthogonally convex rectilinear polygon
oxathiazinone
palliai chamber
parties of land expropriation
Portland pozzolana cement
pre-positioned
precision ratio
procuracy
propagating stall
recovery point
samusenko
sarasaeschna lieni
scanning speed
sealing force
segmental phonemes
semi-ring porous wood
seromucous
service model
ship-building berth
skatoxyl
social issues
st. aignon's disease
staffing table
super-eutrophic
swimming baths
syndrome of lung dryness due to yin deficiency
tamped lining
target RAM
task macro
Texas Rangers
the initiative
Thorson
thump a big drum about
timing gear cover
tin mordanting
top scissor and half nelson
tunicae hyaloidea
unipivot pattern
valinors
variable orifice (flow) meter
vasa anastomoticum
Verbose mode
waving the rod
zabelia
zargen