时间:2019-02-25 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   “He is a bicycle doctor. ” 此句不能译作:"他是个骑单车的医生",因句中的doctor是委婉语(euphemism), 是某种职业的美称,故不作"医生"解,而是表示repair man的涵义, 因此应翻译为"他是个自行车修理工."


  委婉语起源于远古,维多利来女王时代中期为其鼎盛时期,在现代英语中, 其出现频率依然颇高,因为人们通过委婉语,可以用温顺悦耳的词语去谈论或叙述一些原来令人不快或逆耳之事物.为此,他们用domestic help, day help或live-in help代替mail或servant(佣人); 以custodian或superintendent替代doorkeeper, caretaker或janitor(看门人或管理人);用She has a tile loose或She has a cylinder 1 missing去代替She is crazy或She is not right in the head(神经失常).
  委婉语多如恒河沙数,不胜枚举,在此略举数例,以见一斑:
  原 称                                       委 婉 语
  无线电修理工  radio electrician       radio doctor
  理发师 barber                         cosmotologist
  家庭妇女 housewife                household executive
  收垃圾工人 garbage collector      sanitary engineer
  老人 old people                      senior citizens
  再看两个委婉语的例子:
  Nowadays many weight-watchers would like to go to the gym.
  如今有不少胖人喜欢到健身房去锻炼.
  They are the culturally deprived.
  他们是没有学识的人.
  值得注意的是,委婉语虽然是"古已有之,于今为烈",但决不能用得过多过滥. 使用时要考虑场合和对象,如用得不得体,反而会使你"欲礼而不达",甚至令人不知所云,一头雾水.
  You can find doctors and doctors in Hongkong!
  在香港,既有好医生,也有坏医生。这句话不能译作:“在香港,你能看到很多很多的医生”。英语和汉语一样,词的重复(repetition)是一种修辞手段。一般说来,它表达强调语势,突出语义,以收到音调和谐、生动有力的修辞效果。例如:
  Scrooge went to bed again,and thought and thought and thought it over and over.
  斯克罗奇又上床睡觉,左思右想,想个不休。
  但是,在某些场合下,将某些词重复,并不是要收到突出语义的效果,而是为了表示“不同类型”的涵义。例如:You will find doctors and doctors in Hong Kong.的语义就相当于You can find bad doctors as well as good doctors in Hong Kong. 该句的语义重点放在“也有坏医生”上。
  再比如:
  You should know that there are books and books。
  你们要知道,书有好坏之分,既有好书,也有坏书。

n.圆筒,柱(面),汽缸
  • What's the volume of this cylinder?这个圆筒的体积有多少?
  • The cylinder is getting too much gas and not enough air.汽缸里汽油太多而空气不足。
标签: 口语
学英语单词
-phasia
advanced rural transportation system
ancillary resources
andrologia
arcus frontalis
bacteriomes
battlestars
betula populifolias
Big, large,
Castiglioncello
CC (channel controller)
chinne
Chlormuron-ethyl
chromospheric bubble
close in for the kill
colloidal graphite for fibre glass
conjunctive proposition
Cruikshank
delete capability
disassure
double heterojunction diode
electronic ceramic device
fat vacuole
follicular hydrops
footpad
formals
fourvey
fruitbat
Fua'amotu
geochemical dispersion
glaucarubin
green water deck wetness
grid plate characteristics
inch-meal
inference procedure
intermediate frequency signal
irregular nature of traffic
jumptv
La Virgen, Cerro
Lagarosolen hispidus
landside slope
lead compensation
lignaloe oil
logic control
logrolling legislation
maunching
mearstone
mincing knife
Mitteleschenbach
mole blade
myrons
narrow-leaved white-topped aster
natural theology
Neonalium
neuroautoimmune
new-land
niche differentiation
No power
occupation forces
octothorpe
out of collar
parthenocarpous fruit
Pedicularis pseudocephalantha
pension program
photoepinasty
polar distribution
Portballintrae
property insured
quasi peak
radiation analyzer
reverse conducting thyristor
Rhogogaster dryas
rubidium indium alum
saouma
Saxifraga aristulata
Simchat Torah
simulation centre
sinusoidal trace
skirt
soil erodibility
sour mushroom
stochastic perturbation
submerged coastal plain
taxed product
telectorate
tephrosia
through phrase
thudding
top-hinged swinging door
truth table reducibility
understudies
UnitName
virtual core
virusin
wavelength plate
wild apples
WILKIE
windowless presenter
withdraw an action
workers' management
working dogs
worth his salt