【有声英语文学名著】德米安(3b)
时间:2019-02-24 作者:英语课 分类:有声英语文学名著
英语课
Demian
by Hermann Hesse
Sometimes I attempted to imitate Demian and fix my will with such concentration on something that I was certain to achieve it. There were wishes that seemed urgent enough to me. But nothing happened; it didn't work. I could not bring myself to talk to Demian about it. I wouldn't have been able to confess my wishes to him. And he didn't ask either.
Meantime cracks had begun to appear in my religious faith. Yet my thinking, which was certainly much influenced by Demian, was very different from that of some of my fellow students who boasted complete unbelief. On occasion they would say it was ridiculous, unworthy of a person to believe in God, that stories like the Trinity and Virgin 1 Birth were absurd, shameful 2. It was a scandal that we were still being fed such nonsense in our time. I did not share these views. Even though I had my doubts about certain points, I knew from my childhood the reality of a devout 3 life, as my parents led it, and I knew also that this was neither unworthy nor hypocritical. On the contrary, I still stood in the deepest awe 4 of the religious. Demian, however, had accustomed me to regard and interpret religious stories and dogma more freely, more individually, even playfully, with more imagination; at any rate, I always subscribed 5 with pleasure to the interpretations 6 he suggested. Some of it -the Cain business, for instance -- was, of course, too much for me to stomach. And once during Confirmation 7 class he startled me with an opinion that was possibly even more daring. The teacher had been speaking about Golgotha. The biblical account of the suffering and death of the Savior had made a deep impression on me since my earliest childhood. Sometimes, as a little boy, on Good Friday, for instance, deeply moved by my father's reading of the Passion to us, I would live in this sorrowful yet beautiful, ghostly, pale, yet immensely alive world, in Gethsemane and on Golgotha, and when I heard Bach'sSt. Matthew Passion the dark mighty 8 glow of suffering in this mysterious world filled me with a mystical sense of trembling. Even today I find in this music and in hisActus Tragicus the essence of all poetry.
At the end of that class Demian said to me thoughtfully: 'There's something I don't like about this story, Sinclair. Why don't you read it once more and give it the acid test? There's something about it that doesn't taste right. I mean the business with the two thieves. The three crosses standing 9 next to each other on the hill are most impressive, to be sure. But now comes this sentimental 10 little treatise 11 about the good thief. At first he was a thorough scoundrel, had committed all those awful things and God knows what else, and now he dissolves in tears and celebrates such a tearful feast of self-improvement and remorse 12! What's the sense of repenting 13 if you're two steps from the grave? I ask you. Once again it's nothing but a priest's fairy tale, saccharine 14 and dishonest, touched up with sentimentality and given a highly edifying 15 background. If you had to pick a friend from between the two thieves or decide which of the two you had rather trust, you most certainly wouldn't select that sniveling convert. No, the other fellow, he's a man of character. He doesn't give a hoot 16 for 'conversion,' which to a man in his position can't be anything but a pretty speech. He follows his destiny to its appointed end and does not turn coward and forswear the devil, who has aided and abetted 17 him until then. He has character, and people with character tend to receive the short end of the stick in biblical stories. Perhaps he's even a descendant of Cain. Don't you agree?"
I was dismayed. Until now I had felt completely at home in the story of the Crucifixion. Now I saw for the first time with how little individuality, with how little power of imagination I had listened to it and read it. Still, Demian's new concept seemed vaguely 18 sinister 19 and threatened to topple beliefs on whose continued existence I felt I simply had to insist. No, one could not make light of everything, especially not of the most sacred matters.
As usual he noticed my resistance even before I had said anything.
"I know," he said in a resigned tone of voice, "it's the same old story: don't take these stories seriously! But I have to tell you something: this is one of the very places that reveals the poverty of this religion most distinctly. The point is that this God of both Old and New Testaments 20 is certainly an extraordinary figure but not what he purports 21 to represent. He is all that is good, noble, fatherly, beautiful, elevated, sentimental -- true! But the world consists of something else besides. And what is left over is ascribed to the devil, this entire slice of world, this entire half is suppressed and hushed up. In exactly the same way they praise God as the father of all life but simply refuse to say a word about our sexual life on which it's all based, describing it whenever possible as sinful, the work of the devil. I have no objection to worshiping this God Jehovah, far from it. But I mean we ought to consider everything sacred, the entire world, not merely this artificially separated half! Thus alongside the divine service we should also have a service for the devil. I feel that would be right. Otherwise you must create for yourself a God that contains the devil too and in front of which you needn't close your eyes when the most natural things in the world take place."
It was most unusual for him to become almost vehement 23. But at once he smiled and did not probe any further.
His words, however, touched directly on the whole secret of my adolescence 24, a secret I carried with me every hour of the day and of which I had not said a word to anyone, ever. What Demian had said about God and the devil, about the official godly and the suppressed devilish one, corresponded exactly to my own thoughts, my own myth, my own conception of the world as being divided into two halves -- the light and the dark. The realization 25 that my problem was one that concerned all men, a problem of living and thinking, suddenly swept over me and I was overwhelmed by fear and respect as I suddenly saw and felt how deeply my own personal life and opinions were immersed in the eternal stream of great ideas. Though it offered some confirmation and gratification, the realization was not really a joyful 26 one. It was hard and had a harsh taste because it implied responsibility and no longer being allowed to be a child; it meant standing on one's own feet.
Revealing a deep secret for the first time in my life, I told my friend of my conception of the "two worlds." He saw immediately that my deepest feelings accorded with his own. But it was not his way to take advantage of something like that. He listened to me more attentively 27 than he had ever before and peered into my eyes so that I was forced to avert 28 mine. For I noticed in his gaze again that strange animal-like look, expressing timelessness and unimaginable age.
"We'll talk more about it some other time," he said forbearingly. "I can see that your thoughts are deeper than you yourself are able to express. But since this is so, you know, don't you, that you've never lived what you are thinking and that isn't good. Only the ideas that we actually live are of any value. You knew all along that your sanctioned world was only half the world and you tried to suppress the second half the same way the priests and teachers do. You won't succeed. No one succeeds in this once he has begun to think."
This went straight to my heart.
"But there are forbidden and ugly things in the world!" I almost shouted. "You can't deny that. And they are forbidden, and we must renounce 29 them. Of course I know that murder and all kinds of vices 30 exist in the world but should I become a criminal just because they exist?"
"We won't be able to find all the answers today," Max soothed 31 me. "Certainly you shouldn't go kill somebody or rape 32 a girl, no! But you haven't reached the point where you can understand the actual meaning of 'permitted' and 'forbidden.' You've only sensed part of the truth. You will feel the other part, too, you can depend on it. For instance, for about a year you have had to struggle with a drive that is stronger than any other and which is considered 'forbidden.' The Greeks and many other peoples, on the other hand, elevated this drive, made it divine and celebrated 33 it in great feasts. What is forbidden, in other words, is not something eternal; it can change. Anyone can sleep with a woman as soon as he's been to a pastor 34 with her and has married her, yet other races do it differently, even nowadays. That is why each of us has to find out for himself what is permitted and what is forbidden -forbidden for him. It's possible for one never to transgress 35 a single law and still be a bastard 36. And vice 22 versa. Actually it's only a question of convenience. Those who are too lazy and comfortable to think for themselves and be their own judges obey the laws. Others sense their own laws within them; things are forbidden to them that every honorable man will do any day in the year and other things are allowed to them that are generally despised. Each person must stand on his own feet."
Suddenly he seemed to regret having said so much and fell silent. I could already sense what he felt at such moments. Though he delivered his ideas in a pleasant and perfunctory manner, he still could not stand conversation for its own sake, as he once told me. In my case, however, he sensed -- besides genuine interest -- too much playfulness, too much sheer pleasure in clever gabbing 37, or something of the sort; in short, a lack of complete commitment.
As I reread the last two words I have just written -- complete commitment -- a scene leaps to mind, the most impressive I ever experienced with Max Demian in those days when I was still half a child.
Confirmation day was approaching and our lessons had the Last Supper for their topic. This was a matter of importance to the pastor and he took great pains explaining it to us. One could almost taste the solemn mood during those last hours of instruction. And of all times it had to be now that my thoughts were farthest from class, for they were fixed 38 on my friend. While I looked ahead to being confirmed, which was explained to us as a solemn acceptance into the community of the church, I could not help thinking that the value of this religious instruction consisted for me not in what I had learned, but in the proximity 39 and influence of Max Demian. It was not into the church that I was ready to be received but into something entirely 40 different -- into an order of thought and personality that must exist somewhere on earth and whose representative or messenger I took to be my friend.
I tried to suppress this idea -- I was anxious to involve myself in the Confirmation ceremony with a certain dignity, and this dignity seemed not to agree very well with my new idea. Yet, no matter what I did, the thought was present and gradually it became firmly linked with the approaching ceremony. I was ready to enact 41 it differently from the others, for it was to signify my acceptance into a world of thought as I had come to know it through Demian. On one of those days it happened that we were having an argument just before class. My friend was tight-lipped and seemed to take no pleasure in my talk, which probably was self-important as well as precocious 42.
"We talk too much," he said with unwonted seriousness. "Clever talk is absolutely worthless. All you do in the process is lose yourself. And to lose yourself is a sin. One has to be able to crawl completely inside oneself, like a tortoise."
Then we entered the classroom. The lesson began and I made an effort to pay attention. Demian did not distract me. After a while I began to sense something odd from the side where he sat, an emptiness or coolness or something similar, as though the seat next to me had suddenly become vacant. When the feeling became oppressive I turned to look.
There I saw my friend sitting upright, his shoulders braced 43 back as usual. Nonetheless, he looked completely different and something emanated 44 from him, something surrounded him that was unknown to me. I first thought he had his eyes closed but then saw they were open. Yet they were not focused on anything, it was an unseeing gaze -- they seemed transfixed with looking inward or into a great distance. He sat there completely motionless, not even seeming to breathe; his mouth might have been carved from wood or stone. His face was pale, uniformly pale like a stone, and his brown hair was the part of him that seemed closest to being alive. His hands lay before him on the bench, lifeless and still as objects, like stones or fruit, pale, motionless yet not limp, but like good, strong pods sheathing 45 a hidden, vigorous life.
I trembled at the sight. Dead, I thought, almost saying it aloud. My spellbound eyes were fixed on his face, on this pale stone mask, and I felt: this is the real Demian. When he walked beside me or talked to me -- that was only half of him, someone who periodically plays a role, adapts himself, who out of sheer complaisance 46 does as the others do. The real Demian, however, looked like this, as primeval, animal, marble, beautiful and cold, dead yet secretly filled with fabulous 47 life. And around him this quiet emptiness, this ether, interstellar space, this lonely death!
Now he has gone completely into himself, I felt, and I trembled. Never had I been so alone. I had no part in him; he was inaccessible 48; he was more remote from me than if he had been on the most distant island in the world.
I could hardly grasp it that no one besides me noticed him! Everyone should have looked at him, everyone should have trembled! But no one heeded 49 him. He sat there like a statue, and, I thought, proud as an idol 50! A fly lighted on his forehead and scurried 51 across his nose and lips -- not a muscle twitched 52.
Where was he now? What was he thinking? What did he feel? Was he in heaven or was he in hell?
I was unable to put a question to him. At the end of the period, when I saw him alive and breathing again, as his glance met mine, he was the same as he had been before. Where did he come from? Where had he been? He seemed tired. His face was no longer pale, his hands moved again, but now the brown hair was without luster 54, as though lifeless.
During the next few days, I began a new exercise in my bedroom. I would sit rigid 55 in a chair, make my eyes rigid too, and stay completely motionless and see how long I could keep it up, and what I would feel. I only felt very tired and my eyelids 56 itched 53.
Shortly afterwards we were confirmed, an event that calls forth 57 no important memories whatever.
Now everything changed. My childhood world was breaking apart around me. My parents eyed me with a certain embarrassment 58. My sisters had become strangers to me. A disenchantment falsified and blunted my usual feelings and joys: the garden lacked fragrance 59, the woods held no attraction for me, the world stood around me like a clearance 60 sale of last year's secondhand goods, insipid 61, all its charm gone. Books were so much paper, music a grating noise. That is the way leaves fall around a tree in autumn, a tree unaware 62 of the rain running down its sides, of the sun or the frost, and of life gradually retreating inward. The tree does not die. It waits.
It had been decided 63 that I would be sent away to a boarding school at the end of the vacation; for the first time I would be away from home. Sometimes my mother approached me with particular tenderness, as if already taking leave of me ahead of time, intent on inspiring love, homesickness, the unforgettable in my heart. Demian was away on a trip. I was alone.
by Hermann Hesse
Sometimes I attempted to imitate Demian and fix my will with such concentration on something that I was certain to achieve it. There were wishes that seemed urgent enough to me. But nothing happened; it didn't work. I could not bring myself to talk to Demian about it. I wouldn't have been able to confess my wishes to him. And he didn't ask either.
Meantime cracks had begun to appear in my religious faith. Yet my thinking, which was certainly much influenced by Demian, was very different from that of some of my fellow students who boasted complete unbelief. On occasion they would say it was ridiculous, unworthy of a person to believe in God, that stories like the Trinity and Virgin 1 Birth were absurd, shameful 2. It was a scandal that we were still being fed such nonsense in our time. I did not share these views. Even though I had my doubts about certain points, I knew from my childhood the reality of a devout 3 life, as my parents led it, and I knew also that this was neither unworthy nor hypocritical. On the contrary, I still stood in the deepest awe 4 of the religious. Demian, however, had accustomed me to regard and interpret religious stories and dogma more freely, more individually, even playfully, with more imagination; at any rate, I always subscribed 5 with pleasure to the interpretations 6 he suggested. Some of it -the Cain business, for instance -- was, of course, too much for me to stomach. And once during Confirmation 7 class he startled me with an opinion that was possibly even more daring. The teacher had been speaking about Golgotha. The biblical account of the suffering and death of the Savior had made a deep impression on me since my earliest childhood. Sometimes, as a little boy, on Good Friday, for instance, deeply moved by my father's reading of the Passion to us, I would live in this sorrowful yet beautiful, ghostly, pale, yet immensely alive world, in Gethsemane and on Golgotha, and when I heard Bach'sSt. Matthew Passion the dark mighty 8 glow of suffering in this mysterious world filled me with a mystical sense of trembling. Even today I find in this music and in hisActus Tragicus the essence of all poetry.
At the end of that class Demian said to me thoughtfully: 'There's something I don't like about this story, Sinclair. Why don't you read it once more and give it the acid test? There's something about it that doesn't taste right. I mean the business with the two thieves. The three crosses standing 9 next to each other on the hill are most impressive, to be sure. But now comes this sentimental 10 little treatise 11 about the good thief. At first he was a thorough scoundrel, had committed all those awful things and God knows what else, and now he dissolves in tears and celebrates such a tearful feast of self-improvement and remorse 12! What's the sense of repenting 13 if you're two steps from the grave? I ask you. Once again it's nothing but a priest's fairy tale, saccharine 14 and dishonest, touched up with sentimentality and given a highly edifying 15 background. If you had to pick a friend from between the two thieves or decide which of the two you had rather trust, you most certainly wouldn't select that sniveling convert. No, the other fellow, he's a man of character. He doesn't give a hoot 16 for 'conversion,' which to a man in his position can't be anything but a pretty speech. He follows his destiny to its appointed end and does not turn coward and forswear the devil, who has aided and abetted 17 him until then. He has character, and people with character tend to receive the short end of the stick in biblical stories. Perhaps he's even a descendant of Cain. Don't you agree?"
I was dismayed. Until now I had felt completely at home in the story of the Crucifixion. Now I saw for the first time with how little individuality, with how little power of imagination I had listened to it and read it. Still, Demian's new concept seemed vaguely 18 sinister 19 and threatened to topple beliefs on whose continued existence I felt I simply had to insist. No, one could not make light of everything, especially not of the most sacred matters.
As usual he noticed my resistance even before I had said anything.
"I know," he said in a resigned tone of voice, "it's the same old story: don't take these stories seriously! But I have to tell you something: this is one of the very places that reveals the poverty of this religion most distinctly. The point is that this God of both Old and New Testaments 20 is certainly an extraordinary figure but not what he purports 21 to represent. He is all that is good, noble, fatherly, beautiful, elevated, sentimental -- true! But the world consists of something else besides. And what is left over is ascribed to the devil, this entire slice of world, this entire half is suppressed and hushed up. In exactly the same way they praise God as the father of all life but simply refuse to say a word about our sexual life on which it's all based, describing it whenever possible as sinful, the work of the devil. I have no objection to worshiping this God Jehovah, far from it. But I mean we ought to consider everything sacred, the entire world, not merely this artificially separated half! Thus alongside the divine service we should also have a service for the devil. I feel that would be right. Otherwise you must create for yourself a God that contains the devil too and in front of which you needn't close your eyes when the most natural things in the world take place."
It was most unusual for him to become almost vehement 23. But at once he smiled and did not probe any further.
His words, however, touched directly on the whole secret of my adolescence 24, a secret I carried with me every hour of the day and of which I had not said a word to anyone, ever. What Demian had said about God and the devil, about the official godly and the suppressed devilish one, corresponded exactly to my own thoughts, my own myth, my own conception of the world as being divided into two halves -- the light and the dark. The realization 25 that my problem was one that concerned all men, a problem of living and thinking, suddenly swept over me and I was overwhelmed by fear and respect as I suddenly saw and felt how deeply my own personal life and opinions were immersed in the eternal stream of great ideas. Though it offered some confirmation and gratification, the realization was not really a joyful 26 one. It was hard and had a harsh taste because it implied responsibility and no longer being allowed to be a child; it meant standing on one's own feet.
Revealing a deep secret for the first time in my life, I told my friend of my conception of the "two worlds." He saw immediately that my deepest feelings accorded with his own. But it was not his way to take advantage of something like that. He listened to me more attentively 27 than he had ever before and peered into my eyes so that I was forced to avert 28 mine. For I noticed in his gaze again that strange animal-like look, expressing timelessness and unimaginable age.
"We'll talk more about it some other time," he said forbearingly. "I can see that your thoughts are deeper than you yourself are able to express. But since this is so, you know, don't you, that you've never lived what you are thinking and that isn't good. Only the ideas that we actually live are of any value. You knew all along that your sanctioned world was only half the world and you tried to suppress the second half the same way the priests and teachers do. You won't succeed. No one succeeds in this once he has begun to think."
This went straight to my heart.
"But there are forbidden and ugly things in the world!" I almost shouted. "You can't deny that. And they are forbidden, and we must renounce 29 them. Of course I know that murder and all kinds of vices 30 exist in the world but should I become a criminal just because they exist?"
"We won't be able to find all the answers today," Max soothed 31 me. "Certainly you shouldn't go kill somebody or rape 32 a girl, no! But you haven't reached the point where you can understand the actual meaning of 'permitted' and 'forbidden.' You've only sensed part of the truth. You will feel the other part, too, you can depend on it. For instance, for about a year you have had to struggle with a drive that is stronger than any other and which is considered 'forbidden.' The Greeks and many other peoples, on the other hand, elevated this drive, made it divine and celebrated 33 it in great feasts. What is forbidden, in other words, is not something eternal; it can change. Anyone can sleep with a woman as soon as he's been to a pastor 34 with her and has married her, yet other races do it differently, even nowadays. That is why each of us has to find out for himself what is permitted and what is forbidden -forbidden for him. It's possible for one never to transgress 35 a single law and still be a bastard 36. And vice 22 versa. Actually it's only a question of convenience. Those who are too lazy and comfortable to think for themselves and be their own judges obey the laws. Others sense their own laws within them; things are forbidden to them that every honorable man will do any day in the year and other things are allowed to them that are generally despised. Each person must stand on his own feet."
Suddenly he seemed to regret having said so much and fell silent. I could already sense what he felt at such moments. Though he delivered his ideas in a pleasant and perfunctory manner, he still could not stand conversation for its own sake, as he once told me. In my case, however, he sensed -- besides genuine interest -- too much playfulness, too much sheer pleasure in clever gabbing 37, or something of the sort; in short, a lack of complete commitment.
As I reread the last two words I have just written -- complete commitment -- a scene leaps to mind, the most impressive I ever experienced with Max Demian in those days when I was still half a child.
Confirmation day was approaching and our lessons had the Last Supper for their topic. This was a matter of importance to the pastor and he took great pains explaining it to us. One could almost taste the solemn mood during those last hours of instruction. And of all times it had to be now that my thoughts were farthest from class, for they were fixed 38 on my friend. While I looked ahead to being confirmed, which was explained to us as a solemn acceptance into the community of the church, I could not help thinking that the value of this religious instruction consisted for me not in what I had learned, but in the proximity 39 and influence of Max Demian. It was not into the church that I was ready to be received but into something entirely 40 different -- into an order of thought and personality that must exist somewhere on earth and whose representative or messenger I took to be my friend.
I tried to suppress this idea -- I was anxious to involve myself in the Confirmation ceremony with a certain dignity, and this dignity seemed not to agree very well with my new idea. Yet, no matter what I did, the thought was present and gradually it became firmly linked with the approaching ceremony. I was ready to enact 41 it differently from the others, for it was to signify my acceptance into a world of thought as I had come to know it through Demian. On one of those days it happened that we were having an argument just before class. My friend was tight-lipped and seemed to take no pleasure in my talk, which probably was self-important as well as precocious 42.
"We talk too much," he said with unwonted seriousness. "Clever talk is absolutely worthless. All you do in the process is lose yourself. And to lose yourself is a sin. One has to be able to crawl completely inside oneself, like a tortoise."
Then we entered the classroom. The lesson began and I made an effort to pay attention. Demian did not distract me. After a while I began to sense something odd from the side where he sat, an emptiness or coolness or something similar, as though the seat next to me had suddenly become vacant. When the feeling became oppressive I turned to look.
There I saw my friend sitting upright, his shoulders braced 43 back as usual. Nonetheless, he looked completely different and something emanated 44 from him, something surrounded him that was unknown to me. I first thought he had his eyes closed but then saw they were open. Yet they were not focused on anything, it was an unseeing gaze -- they seemed transfixed with looking inward or into a great distance. He sat there completely motionless, not even seeming to breathe; his mouth might have been carved from wood or stone. His face was pale, uniformly pale like a stone, and his brown hair was the part of him that seemed closest to being alive. His hands lay before him on the bench, lifeless and still as objects, like stones or fruit, pale, motionless yet not limp, but like good, strong pods sheathing 45 a hidden, vigorous life.
I trembled at the sight. Dead, I thought, almost saying it aloud. My spellbound eyes were fixed on his face, on this pale stone mask, and I felt: this is the real Demian. When he walked beside me or talked to me -- that was only half of him, someone who periodically plays a role, adapts himself, who out of sheer complaisance 46 does as the others do. The real Demian, however, looked like this, as primeval, animal, marble, beautiful and cold, dead yet secretly filled with fabulous 47 life. And around him this quiet emptiness, this ether, interstellar space, this lonely death!
Now he has gone completely into himself, I felt, and I trembled. Never had I been so alone. I had no part in him; he was inaccessible 48; he was more remote from me than if he had been on the most distant island in the world.
I could hardly grasp it that no one besides me noticed him! Everyone should have looked at him, everyone should have trembled! But no one heeded 49 him. He sat there like a statue, and, I thought, proud as an idol 50! A fly lighted on his forehead and scurried 51 across his nose and lips -- not a muscle twitched 52.
Where was he now? What was he thinking? What did he feel? Was he in heaven or was he in hell?
I was unable to put a question to him. At the end of the period, when I saw him alive and breathing again, as his glance met mine, he was the same as he had been before. Where did he come from? Where had he been? He seemed tired. His face was no longer pale, his hands moved again, but now the brown hair was without luster 54, as though lifeless.
During the next few days, I began a new exercise in my bedroom. I would sit rigid 55 in a chair, make my eyes rigid too, and stay completely motionless and see how long I could keep it up, and what I would feel. I only felt very tired and my eyelids 56 itched 53.
Shortly afterwards we were confirmed, an event that calls forth 57 no important memories whatever.
Now everything changed. My childhood world was breaking apart around me. My parents eyed me with a certain embarrassment 58. My sisters had become strangers to me. A disenchantment falsified and blunted my usual feelings and joys: the garden lacked fragrance 59, the woods held no attraction for me, the world stood around me like a clearance 60 sale of last year's secondhand goods, insipid 61, all its charm gone. Books were so much paper, music a grating noise. That is the way leaves fall around a tree in autumn, a tree unaware 62 of the rain running down its sides, of the sun or the frost, and of life gradually retreating inward. The tree does not die. It waits.
It had been decided 63 that I would be sent away to a boarding school at the end of the vacation; for the first time I would be away from home. Sometimes my mother approached me with particular tenderness, as if already taking leave of me ahead of time, intent on inspiring love, homesickness, the unforgettable in my heart. Demian was away on a trip. I was alone.
n.处女,未婚女子;adj.未经使用的;未经开发的
- Have you ever been to a virgin forest?你去过原始森林吗?
- There are vast expanses of virgin land in the remote regions.在边远地区有大片大片未开垦的土地。
adj.可耻的,不道德的
- It is very shameful of him to show off.他向人炫耀自己,真不害臊。
- We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。
adj.虔诚的,虔敬的,衷心的 (n.devoutness)
- His devout Catholicism appeals to ordinary people.他对天主教的虔诚信仰感染了普通民众。
- The devout man prayed daily.那位虔诚的男士每天都祈祷。
n.敬畏,惊惧;vt.使敬畏,使惊惧
- The sight filled us with awe.这景色使我们大为惊叹。
- The approaching tornado struck awe in our hearts.正在逼近的龙卷风使我们惊恐万分。
v.捐助( subscribe的过去式和过去分词 );签署,题词;订阅;同意
- It is not a theory that is commonly subscribed to. 一般人并不赞成这个理论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- I subscribed my name to the document. 我在文件上签了字。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.解释( interpretation的名词复数 );表演;演绎;理解
- This passage is open to a variety of interpretations. 这篇文章可以有各种不同的解释。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The involved and abstruse passage makes several interpretations possible. 这段艰涩的文字可以作出好几种解释。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
n.证实,确认,批准
- We are waiting for confirmation of the news.我们正在等待证实那个消息。
- We need confirmation in writing before we can send your order out.给你们发送订购的货物之前,我们需要书面确认。
adj.强有力的;巨大的
- A mighty force was about to break loose.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。
- The mighty iceberg came into view.巨大的冰山出现在眼前。
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
- After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
- They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
adj.多愁善感的,感伤的
- She's a sentimental woman who believes marriage comes by destiny.她是多愁善感的人,她相信姻缘命中注定。
- We were deeply touched by the sentimental movie.我们深深被那感伤的电影所感动。
n.专著;(专题)论文
- The doctor wrote a treatise on alcoholism.那位医生写了一篇关于酗酒问题的论文。
- This is not a treatise on statistical theory.这不是一篇有关统计理论的论文。
n.痛恨,悔恨,自责
- She had no remorse about what she had said.她对所说的话不后悔。
- He has shown no remorse for his actions.他对自己的行为没有任何悔恨之意。
对(自己的所为)感到懊悔或忏悔( repent的现在分词 )
- He was repenting rapidly. 他很快就后悔了。
- Repenting of his crime the thief returned the jewels and confessed to the police. 那贼对自己的罪行痛悔不已;归还了珠宝并向警方坦白。
adj.奉承的,讨好的
- She smiled with saccharine sweetness.她的笑里只有虚情假意的甜蜜。
- I found the film far too saccharine.我觉得这部电影太缠绵了。
adj.有教训意味的,教训性的,有益的v.开导,启发( edify的现在分词 )
- Young students are advised to read edifying books to improve their mind. 建议青年学生们读一些陶冶性情的书籍,以提高自己的心智。 来自辞典例句
- This edifying spectacle was the final event of the Governor's ball. 这个有启发性的表演便是省长的舞会的最后一个节目了。 来自辞典例句
n.鸟叫声,汽车的喇叭声; v.使汽车鸣喇叭
- The sudden hoot of a whistle broke into my thoughts.突然响起的汽笛声打断了我的思路。
- In a string of shrill hoot of the horn sound,he quickly ran to her.在一串尖声鸣叫的喇叭声中,他快速地跑向她。
v.教唆(犯罪)( abet的过去式和过去分词 );煽动;怂恿;支持
- He was abetted in the deception by his wife. 他行骗是受了妻子的怂恿。
- They aided and abetted in getting the police to catch the thief. 他们协助警察抓住了小偷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adv.含糊地,暖昧地
- He had talked vaguely of going to work abroad.他含糊其词地说了到国外工作的事。
- He looked vaguely before him with unseeing eyes.他迷迷糊糊的望着前面,对一切都视而不见。
adj.不吉利的,凶恶的,左边的
- There is something sinister at the back of that series of crimes.在这一系列罪行背后有险恶的阴谋。
- Their proposals are all worthless and designed out of sinister motives.他们的建议不仅一钱不值,而且包藏祸心。
n.遗嘱( testament的名词复数 );实际的证明
- The coastline is littered with testaments to the savageness of the waters. 海岸线上充满了海水肆虐过后的杂乱东西。 来自互联网
- A personification of wickedness and ungodliness alluded to in the Old and New Testaments. 彼勒《旧约》和《新约》中邪恶和罪孽的化身。 来自互联网
v.声称是…,(装得)像是…的样子( purport的第三人称单数 )
- She purports to represent the whole group. 她自称代表整个团体。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The document purports to be official but is really private. 那份文件据称是官方的,但实际上是私人的。 来自辞典例句
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
- He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
- They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
adj.感情强烈的;热烈的;(人)有强烈感情的
- She made a vehement attack on the government's policies.她强烈谴责政府的政策。
- His proposal met with vehement opposition.他的倡导遭到了激烈的反对。
n.青春期,青少年
- Adolescence is the process of going from childhood to maturity.青春期是从少年到成年的过渡期。
- The film is about the trials and tribulations of adolescence.这部电影讲述了青春期的麻烦和苦恼。
n.实现;认识到,深刻了解
- We shall gladly lend every effort in our power toward its realization.我们将乐意为它的实现而竭尽全力。
- He came to the realization that he would never make a good teacher.他逐渐认识到自己永远不会成为好老师。
adj.欢乐的,令人欢欣的
- She was joyful of her good result of the scientific experiments.她为自己的科学实验取得好成果而高兴。
- They were singing and dancing to celebrate this joyful occasion.他们唱着、跳着庆祝这令人欢乐的时刻。
adv.聚精会神地;周到地;谛;凝神
- She listened attentively while I poured out my problems. 我倾吐心中的烦恼时,她一直在注意听。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- She listened attentively and set down every word he said. 她专心听着,把他说的话一字不漏地记下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
v.防止,避免;转移(目光、注意力等)
- He managed to avert suspicion.他设法避嫌。
- I would do what I could to avert it.我会尽力去避免发生这种情况。
v.放弃;拒绝承认,宣布与…断绝关系
- She decided to renounce the world and enter a convent.她决定弃绝尘世去当修女。
- It was painful for him to renounce his son.宣布与儿子脱离关系对他来说是很痛苦的。
缺陷( vice的名词复数 ); 恶习; 不道德行为; 台钳
- In spite of his vices, he was loved by all. 尽管他有缺点,还是受到大家的爱戴。
- He vituperated from the pulpit the vices of the court. 他在教堂的讲坛上责骂宫廷的罪恶。
v.安慰( soothe的过去式和过去分词 );抚慰;使舒服;减轻痛苦
- The music soothed her for a while. 音乐让她稍微安静了一会儿。
- The soft modulation of her voice soothed the infant. 她柔和的声调使婴儿安静了。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
n.抢夺,掠夺,强奸;vt.掠夺,抢夺,强奸
- The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
- He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。
adj.有名的,声誉卓著的
- He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
- The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。
n.牧师,牧人
- He was the son of a poor pastor.他是一个穷牧师的儿子。
- We have no pastor at present:the church is run by five deacons.我们目前没有牧师:教会的事是由五位执事管理的。
vt.违反,逾越
- Your words must't transgress the local laws .你的言辞不能违反当地法律。
- No one is permitted to have privileges to transgress the law. 不允许任何人有超越法律的特权。
n.坏蛋,混蛋;私生子
- He was never concerned about being born a bastard.他从不介意自己是私生子。
- There was supposed to be no way to get at the bastard.据说没有办法买通那个混蛋。
v.空谈,唠叨,瞎扯( gab的现在分词 )
- I can hear the ragheads when you're not gabbing. 你们不饶舌的时候,我听到有动静。 来自电影对白
- I can hear the ragheads moving, as soon as you girls stop gabbing. 你们女人不说话时,我能听到脚步声。 来自电影对白
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
- Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
- Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
n.接近,邻近
- Marriages in proximity of blood are forbidden by the law.法律规定禁止近亲结婚。
- Their house is in close proximity to ours.他们的房子很接近我们的。
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
- The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
- His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
vt.制定(法律);上演,扮演
- The U.S. Congress has exclusive authority to enact federal legislation.美国国会是唯一有权颁布联邦法律的。
- For example,a country can enact laws and economic policies to attract foreign investment fairly quickly.例如一个国家可以很快颁布吸引外资的法令和经济政策。
adj.早熟的;较早显出的
- They become precocious experts in tragedy.他们成了一批思想早熟、善写悲剧的能手。
- Margaret was always a precocious child.玛格丽特一直是个早熟的孩子。
adj.拉牢的v.支住( brace的过去式和过去分词 );撑牢;使自己站稳;振作起来
- They braced up the old house with balks of timber. 他们用梁木加固旧房子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The house has a wooden frame which is braced with brick. 这幢房子是木结构的砖瓦房。 来自《简明英汉词典》
v.从…处传出,传出( emanate的过去式和过去分词 );产生,表现,显示
- Do you know where these rumours emanated from? 你知道谣言出自何处吗? 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The rumor emanated from Chicago. 谣言来自芝加哥。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
n.覆盖物,罩子v.将(刀、剑等)插入鞘( sheathe的现在分词 );包,覆盖
- The effect of nitrogen can be overcome by sheathing the flame in argon. 氮的影响则可以通过用氩气包覆火焰而予以克服。 来自辞典例句
- Sheathing layer: PVC extruded polyethylene or in the form of weaving. 护套层:用聚乙烯或聚氯乙烯挤塑在编织层上而成的。 来自互联网
n.彬彬有礼,殷勤,柔顺
- She speaks with complaisance.她说话彬彬有礼。
- His complaisance leaves a good impression on her.他的彬彬有礼给她留下了深刻的印象。
adj.极好的;极为巨大的;寓言中的,传说中的
- We had a fabulous time at the party.我们在晚会上玩得很痛快。
- This is a fabulous sum of money.这是一笔巨款。
adj.达不到的,难接近的
- This novel seems to me among the most inaccessible.这本书对我来说是最难懂的小说之一。
- The top of Mount Everest is the most inaccessible place in the world.珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最难到达的地方。
v.听某人的劝告,听从( heed的过去式和过去分词 );变平,使(某物)变平( flatten的过去式和过去分词 )
- She countered that her advice had not been heeded. 她反驳说她的建议未被重视。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- I heeded my doctor's advice and stopped smoking. 我听从医生的劝告,把烟戒了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.偶像,红人,宠儿
- As an only child he was the idol of his parents.作为独子,他是父母的宠儿。
- Blind worship of this idol must be ended.对这个偶像的盲目崇拜应该结束了。
v.急匆匆地走( scurry的过去式和过去分词 )
- She said goodbye and scurried back to work. 她说声再见,然后扭头跑回去干活了。
- It began to rain and we scurried for shelter. 下起雨来,我们急忙找地方躲避。 来自《简明英汉词典》
vt.& vi.(使)抽动,(使)颤动(twitch的过去式与过去分词形式)
- Her lips twitched with amusement. 她忍俊不禁地颤动着嘴唇。
- The child's mouth twitched as if she were about to cry. 这小孩的嘴抽动着,像是要哭。 来自《简明英汉词典》
v.发痒( itch的过去式和过去分词 )
- Seeing the children playing ping-pong, he itched to have a go. 他看到孩子们打乒乓,不觉技痒。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- He could hardly sIt'still and itched to have a go. 他再也坐不住了,心里跃跃欲试。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
n.光辉;光泽,光亮;荣誉
- His great books have added luster to the university where he teaches.他的巨著给他任教的大学增了光。
- Mercerization enhances dyeability and luster of cotton materials.丝光处理扩大棉纤维的染色能力,增加纤维的光泽。
adj.严格的,死板的;刚硬的,僵硬的
- She became as rigid as adamant.她变得如顽石般的固执。
- The examination was so rigid that nearly all aspirants were ruled out.考试很严,几乎所有的考生都被淘汰了。
n.眼睑( eyelid的名词复数 );眼睛也不眨一下;不露声色;面不改色
- She was so tired, her eyelids were beginning to droop. 她太疲倦了,眼睑开始往下垂。
- Her eyelids drooped as if she were on the verge of sleep. 她眼睑低垂好像快要睡着的样子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adv.向前;向外,往外
- The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
- He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
n.尴尬;使人为难的人(事物);障碍;窘迫
- She could have died away with embarrassment.她窘迫得要死。
- Coughing at a concert can be a real embarrassment.在音乐会上咳嗽真会使人难堪。
n.芬芳,香味,香气
- The apple blossoms filled the air with their fragrance.苹果花使空气充满香味。
- The fragrance of lavender filled the room.房间里充满了薰衣草的香味。
n.净空;许可(证);清算;清除,清理
- There was a clearance of only ten centimetres between the two walls.两堵墙之间只有十厘米的空隙。
- The ship sailed as soon as it got clearance. 那艘船一办好离港手续立刻启航了。
adj.无味的,枯燥乏味的,单调的
- The food was rather insipid and needed gingering up.这食物缺少味道,需要加点作料。
- She said she was a good cook,but the food she cooked is insipid.她说她是个好厨师,但她做的食物却是无味道的。
a.不知道的,未意识到的
- They were unaware that war was near. 他们不知道战争即将爆发。
- I was unaware of the man's presence. 我没有察觉到那人在场。