美国学生人类历史第69期:亚历山大大帝(2)
时间：2019-02-21 作者：英语课 分类：美国学生人类历史
英语课
The newly formed Empire must be brought under the influence of the Greek mind. The people must be taught the Greek language-they must live in cities built after a Greek model. The Alexandrian soldier now turned school-master. The military camps of yesterday became the peaceful centres of the newly imported Greek civilisation 1. Higher and higher did the flood of Greek manners and Greek customs rise, when suddenly Alexander was stricken with a fever and died in the old palace of King Hammurabi of Babylon in the year 323.
热爱希腊的亚历山大宣布，新建立的帝国必须置于希腊精神的影响之下。他要求自己的子民学习 希腊语，居住在按希腊样式建成的城市里。现在，亚历山大的士兵脱去甲胄，放下刀剑，变成了传播希腊文化的教师。昨天的军营成为了输入希腊文明的和平中心。希腊的风俗习惯和生活方式像席卷世界的洪水，一浪高过一浪。可就在此时，年轻的亚历山大突然遭到热病的袭击，于公元前323年死于汉谟拉比国王修筑的旧巴比伦王宫。
Then the waters receded 2. But they left behind the fertile clay of a higher civilisation and Alexander, with all his childish ambitions and his silly vanities, had performed a most valuable service. His Empire did not long survive him. A number of ambitious generals divided the territory among themselves. But they too remained faithful to the dream of a great world brotherhood 3 of Greek and Asiatic ideas and knowledge.
之后潮水开始退去，但留下了一片希腊文明的肥沃土壤。凭着孩子气的雄心与愚蠢的自负，亚历山大做出了一项极有价值的贡献。他的帝国在他死后不久便开始土崩瓦解，一批野心勃勃的将军瓜分了世界，可他们仍旧忠实于亚历山大的梦想--建立一个融合希腊文明与亚洲精神的伟大世界。
They maintained their independence until the Romans added western Asia and Egypt to their other domains 4. The strange inheritance of this Hellenistic civilisation (part Greek, part Persian, part Egyptian and Babylonian) fell to the Roman conquerors 5. During the following centuries, it got such a firm hold upon the Roman world, that we feel its influence in our own lives this very day.
这些分裂出来的国家一直保持独立，直到罗马人发动远征，将整个西亚和埃及囊括进自己的版图。于是，亚历山大留下的这份奇特的精神遗产（包括部分希腊、部分波斯、部分埃及和部分巴比伦），被新来的罗马征服者照单全收。在接下来的几个世纪里，它牢牢地扎根于罗马的世界，直到今天我们还能感受到它的影响。
n.文明，文化，开化，教化
- Energy and ideas are the twin bases of our civilisation.能源和思想是我们文明的两大基石。
- This opera is one of the cultural totems of Western civilisation.这部歌剧是西方文明的文化标志物之一。
v.逐渐远离( recede的过去式和过去分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题
- The floodwaters have now receded. 洪水现已消退。
- The sound of the truck receded into the distance. 卡车的声音渐渐在远处消失了。
n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊
- They broke up the brotherhood.他们断绝了兄弟关系。
- They live and work together in complete equality and brotherhood.他们完全平等和兄弟般地在一起生活和工作。
n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产
- The theory of thermodynamics links the macroscopic and submicroscopic domains. 热力学把宏观世界同亚微观世界联系起来。 来自辞典例句
- All three flow domains are indicated by shading. 所有三个流动区域都是用阴影部分表示的。 来自辞典例句
征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 )
- The Danes had selfconfidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. 这些丹麦人具有征服者的自信，而且他们的安全防卫也是漫不经心的。
- The conquerors believed in crushing the defeated people into submission, knowing that they could not win their loyalty by the victory. 征服者们知道他们的胜利并不能赢得失败者的忠心，于是就认为只有通过武力才能将他们压服。